List of Greek Phrases / Ny
.png)
Ναὶ ναί, οὒ οὔ ·
- Ναὶ ναί, οὒ οὔ ·
- Nai nai, ou ou;
- "Yes, yes, no, no."
Testimony of Jesus against false swearing in his Sermon on the Mount There it says:
" 33 You have also heard that it was said to the ancients:" You must not take a false oath and you must keep your oath to God. " 34 But I tell you that you should not swear at all, neither by heaven, for it is God's throne, 35 nor by earth, for it is his footstool, nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great king. 36 Nor should you swear by your head, for you cannot make a single hair black or white. 37 But let your speech be: Yes, yes; No no. What is above it is evil. "
Jesus does not mean, as is often understood, that God does not want any oaths, but rather clear statements. He calls on people to keep their word even without affirmation on oath. In church history, the question of whether a Christian could swear an oath was often controversial. Some church fathers rejected the oath completely, Mennonites and Quakers still rejected it today.
For some people who are faithful to the Bible, it is a contradiction in terms to take an oath on the Bible, in which a prohibition of swearing is required.
Νενίκηκά σε Σολομῶν.
- Νενίκηκά σε Σολομῶν.
- Nenikika se Solomōn.
- " Solomon , I have defeated you."
Alleged saying of the emperor Justinian I after the completion of the Hagia Sophia ( Ἁγία Σοφία ). He wanted to found a church " that has not existed since Adam and would no longer exist ". Justinian obviously wanted to surpass the Polyeuktoskirche built by the Roman aristocrat Anicia Juliana , which was deliberately built around 520 as an image of the Temple of Solomon.
Justinian felt personally responsible for Hagia Sophia and visited the construction site every day. Ten thousand workers completed the church in five years. At the inauguration, the emperor is said to have thanked God and shouted out loud, alluding to the Jerusalem temple , which was still used as a benchmark:
- “ Glory and honor to the Most High, who considered me worthy to accomplish such a work. Solomon, I have outdone you. "
Νενικήκαμεν.
- Νενικήκαμεν.
- Nenikēkamen.
- "We have won!"
The ancient satirist Lukian of Samosata circulated this phrase and ascribed it to a messenger named Pheidippides who lived in 490 BC. Chr. With the news of the victory in the battle of Marathon ran to Athens and then collapsed dead.
Based on this legend, the marathon was launched as a sporting discipline at the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 .
The writer Alexander Roda Roda remarks in his memory book Schwabylon the following about this exclamation:
“That this young man, in so much excitement, danger and near death , correctly constructed the perfect of νικαω , first person plural, by reduplicating the initial syllables, was one of the highest achievements of the human spirit.”
Dieter Eckart wrote in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on October 24, 1987:
“The ancient marathon runner is an all-round tragic hero: not only was his name not Pheidippides, he not only did not run from Marathon to Athens, he not only collapsed dead there, he never even existed. It was invented much later. "
Νενίκηκάς με, Γαλιλαῖε.
- Νενίκηκάς με, Γαλιλαῖε.
- Nenikēkas me, Galilee.
- "You have defeated me, Galilean."
- Νενίκηκάς με, Ναζωραῖε.
- Nenikēkas me, Nazōraie.
- "You have defeated me, Nazarenes."
Allegedly the last words of the Roman Emperor Julian before he died of a wound received in battle. Julian had converted from Christianity to the pagan faith and had fought against Christianity. With "Galilean" is meant Jesus , who comes from Nazareth , a place in Galilee in northern Israel. This sentence, which was first handed down by the church historian Theodoret (5th century), is not attested in contemporary sources . It can be assumed that it is Christian propaganda.
In his work Contra Galileos ( Against the Galileans , i.e. against the Christians) Julian polemicized against Christianity and presented the Christians as apostates of Judaism.
The above sentence is rendered in Latin as “ Tandem vicisti, Galilaee ” (“ Finally you have won, Galileans ”). The English poet Algernon Swinburne prefixed his swan song to the pagan Rome Hymn to Proserpine (1866) with another Latin version :
“ Vicisti, Galilaee. [Thou hast conquered, O Galilean - Christ] ”
The Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen wrote the double drama Kaiser und Galiläer from 1864 to 1873 , which he himself considered to be his main work. In this play Julian is injured in a battle, tries to rise, but sinks back and shouts:
"You have won, Galileans!"
His last words in Ibsen’s drama are different:
“Alexander was allowed to move into Babylon. - I also want - - . Beautiful, foliage-wreathed youths - dancing girls; - but so far, so far - -. Beautiful earth - beautiful earth life -. “He opens his eyes wide. " O, sun, sun, why do you deceive me?"
Νεκρὸς οὐ δάκνει.
- Νεκρὸς οὐ δάκνει.
- Nekros ou daknei.
- "A dead person doesn't bite."
- Latin: “ Mortuus non mordet. "
This quote comes from the historian Plutarch and is taken up again and again in different contexts:
“On the march out, Orgonez admonished the marshal to have the heads of the two Pizarro brothers who were captured. » El muerto no mordia! (A dead person does not bite!) «He said, following the old Spanish proverb."
The Protestant clergyman and vampirism researcher of the Enlightenment Michael Ranft writes in his treatise about the chewing and smacking of the dead in graves :
“We now come to another circumstance, which the superstitious mob thinks they have perceived while chewing and smacking the dead, and which we reject here as erroneous. He insists that one pretends that the dead eat their clothes in this case. But who is not familiar with the proverb, which Theodotus used a long time ago in Plutarcho: νεκρός ȣ δάκνει: a dead man no longer stands by: because after the natural bond between body and soul has broken, all activities that come from this union also cease . "
νέκταρ καὶ ἀμβροσία
Nectar and ambrosia (= belonging to the immortals, immortal ) are the food of the gods in Greek mythology. Originally, no distinction was made between these two terms. In Homer nectar but was seen as a drink and ambrosia as food. Nectar was a honey product. Ambrosia is the name given to the diet of queen bees today .
There is no blood flowing in the veins of the gods, but ichor ( ἰχώρ ), a gold-colored or transparent liquid that is formed by the ambrosia. In Homer this becomes clear with the wounded goddess Aphrodite , who took part in the Battle of Troy . The Iliad says of her :
And the ambrosial blood of God flowed,
Ichor, as it flows in the blessed gods.
Because they don't eat bread, they don't drink sparkling wine,
therefore they are bloodless and are called immortal
[...] and their beautiful skin turned black .
In the Metamorphoses of the Roman poet Ovid , the goddess Venus uses nectar and ambrosia to transform her son Aeneas into a god after his death.
See also: Ἰχώρ, οἷός πέρ τε ῥέει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν. ("Ichor, how he runs in the veins of the blessed gods.")
Νέρων, Ὀρέστης, Ἀλκμαίων μητροκτόνοι.
- Νέρων, Ὀρέστης, Ἀλκμαίων μητροκτόνοι.
- Nerōn, Orestēs, Alkmaiōn mētroktonoi.
- "Nero, Orestes and Alkmaion: matricides."
The historian Suetonius quoted the abuse of Emperor Nero , who was compared to other matricides:
- Nero , who feared his mother, had his mother Agrippina sunk in a ship. However, she managed to swim ashore. He then had her murdered in her villa.
- Orestes was asked for revenge for killing her father by his sister Elektra . So he consulted the oracle of Delphi, who advised him to take revenge. He killed Aigisthus and his mother Clytaimnestra .
- Alkmaion fulfilled the father's order and murdered his mother, but was persecuted by the Erinyes for this until he was atoned for by King Phegeus . Arcadia was ravaged by sterility and Apollo announced that Alkmaion would not come to rest until he came to a country which had not yet been shone by the sun when his mother was murdered.
Νέστορός εἰμι εὔποτον ποτήριον.
- Νέστορός εἰμι εὔποτον ποτήριον
- Nestoros eimi eupoton potērion;
- "I am Nestor's cup, which is easy to drink from;"
Beginning of the inscription on the so-called Nestor Cup from Ischia , a drinking vessel from the 8th century BC that was found during excavations in 1954.
The vessel bears a three-line inscription, which was carved long after its manufacture and written in a Euboic (written from right to left) form of the Greek alphabet. The text says:
ΗΟΣΔΑΤΟΔΕΠΙΕΣΙ: ΠΟΤΕΡΙ ..: ΗΥΤΙΚΑΚΕΝΟΝ
This is translated into the classic notation as follows:
Νέστορός εἰμι εὔποτον ποτήριον ·
ὃς δ 'ἂν τοῦδε πίησι ποτηρίου αὐτίκα
κῆποτον ἵμερος αἱρήσει νηλλ.
I am Nestor's cup, which is easy to drink from.
But whoever drinks from this cup will immediately
feel a desire for Aphrodite with a beautiful wreath.
νεῦρα τῶν πραγμάτων
- νεῦρα τῶν πραγμάτων
- neura tōn pragmatōn
- "Longing for Things"
The late antique philosophy historian Diogenes Laertios quotes the Cynic Bion of Borysthenes in his work Life and Doctrine of the Philosophers with the saying: " The wealth, the longings of things ".
Today we know the Latin version nervus rerum , which Cicero uses, for example, in his speech about the supreme command of Gnaeus Pompeius :
- " Si vectigalia nervos esse rei publicae semper duximus ... "
- " If we have always viewed taxes as the yearning of the state ... "
In his 5th Filipino speech, Cicero also says:
- " Nervus belli, pecuniam infinitum "
- " The longings of war, unlimited cash reserves "
Nervus rerum and The nationalization of money is the title of a book by the financial theorist Silvio Gesell , which is considered the cornerstone of his theory of the natural economic order .
Νεφελοκοκκυγία
- Νεφελοκοκκυγία
- Nephelokockygia
- " Cloud Cuckoo Land "
This word appears in the comedy The Birds . It describes a city in the clouds, which the birds have built for themselves as an intermediate kingdom. The German word Wolkenkuckucksheim is a loan translation as it was first used by Arthur Schopenhauer in his philosophical writings. He gave it an expanded meaning by accusing other philosophers of only talking about the "cloud cuckoo country". While some Aristophanes translators had previously chosen the terms “cloud cuckoo castle” and “cuckoo cloud court”, Ludwig Seeger also spoke of the “cloud cuckoo home”.
In the play from 414 BC The poet Aristophanes describes the seizure of power by the birds with the help of two Athenian exiles, Peithetairos ( Πειθεταίρος , " adviser ") and Euelpides ( Ευελπίδης , " good hope "). Peithetairos and Euelpides move away from Athens to found a new city where money is thrown away like dirt so as not to suffocate. They turn into birds and wonder what to call the city. The considerations " New Sparta " and " Beautiful view " are discarded, one agrees on " Cloud Cuckoo Land ":
Peithetairos: But what is your name supposed to be?
Euelpides: He was taken from the clouds and the realm of the air, something high-handed.
Peithetairos: Well - Cloud Cuckoo Land?
Choir Leader: Iuh, iuh! You came up with a wonderful name!
Today the term is used for an unrealistic utopia , similar to the castle in the sky .
Νίκη ή Θάνατος
.svg)
- Νίκη ή Θάνατος
- Niki i thanatos
- "Victory or death!"
Inscription on the Mani flag during the Greek Revolution . Above a blue Greek cross, ΝΙΚΗ Ή ΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ is written in capital letters , including ΤΑΝ Ή ΕΠΙ ΤΑΣ in capital letters below , an allusion to the request made by Spartan mothers to their sons before they went to war:
- " Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς. "
- “ Either the sign or on the sign! "
The Greek battle cry in the fight against the Turks for independence was Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος! (“ Freedom or Death! ”), While the Maniots, descendants of the Spartans, instead “ Victory or Death! “Had written.
Νιόβης πάθη
.jpg)
- Νιόβης πάθη
- Niobes pathe
- "Suffering of Niobe"
- Latin: " Niobes mala "
The sufferings of Niobe are a proverbial expression for the greatest suffering. Niobe was the daughter of Tantalus and was subject to the tantalid curse. She was the wife of the Theban king Amphion , to whom she bore seven sons and seven daughters. Proud of her numerous offspring, she mocked the goddess Leto , who had only given birth to two children, Apollon and Artemis . The two children of the offended goddess killed all of Niobe's children with their arrows in one day.
Niobe, frozen by the immense pain, was turned to stone by the gods and transferred to Mount Sipylos in Phrygia . But even the stone did not stop shedding tears.
The tragic material was dealt with many times in both the dramatic and the visual arts. A story can be found in Book 6 of Ovid's Metamorphoses .
Νίψον ἀνομήματα μὴ μόναν ὄψιν.
- Νίψον ἀνομήματα μὴ μόναν ὄψιν.
- Nipson anomēmata mē monan opsin.
- "Wash off your sins, not just your face!"
This is a palindrome that was often used in capital letters ( ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ ) on Greek baptismal fonts (e.g. at the spring fountain in Preveli monastery and near Serres ). This inscription, which was also on the baptismal font at Hagia Sophia , can also be read from behind and results in the same wording.
In this context one can also see the modern Greek proverb about confession of sins:
- " Αμαρτία εξομολογημένη, αμαρτία συχωρεμένη. "
- " Sin Confessed, Sin Died ."
Νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς.
- Νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς.
- Nomos ho pantōn basileus.
- "The law is king of all."
This statement of the poet Pindar reads in full :
Νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς
θνατῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων
ἄγει δικαιῶν τὸ βιαιότατον
ὑπερτάτᾳ χειρί.
Friedrich Hölderlin translates this fragment into German as follows:
The law,
Of all the king, mortal and
immortal;
That is precisely why it leads tremendously
The most just right with the highest hand.
In his commentary, Hölderlin states:
- “ 'The law' is the place where God and man meet. But it's about the separation; maybe this is the 'royal turning point'. "
According to his explanation, König stands for the superlative , for the highest knowledge, not for the highest power.
Herodotus quotes these words approvingly in his histories .
Νοῦσος ὑγίειαν ἐποίησε ἡδὺ καὶ ἀγαθόν.
- Νοῦσος ὑγίειαν ἐποίησε ἡδὺ καὶ ἀγαθόν.
- Nousos hygieian epoiēse hēdy kai agathon.
- "Illness makes health pleasant and good."
Quote from the fragments of the philosopher Heraclitus . The whole sentence is:
- Νοῦσος ὑγίειαν ἐποίησε ἡδὺ καὶ ἀγαθόν, λιμὸς κόρον, κάματος ἀνάπαυσιν.
- Nousos hygieian epoiēse hēdy kai agathon, limos koron, kamatos anapausin.
“ Illness makes health pleasant and good, hunger makes you feel full, trouble makes you rest. “From his series of observations, Heraclitus came to the conclusion that the supposedly opposites are related and mutually dependent.
See also: “ Ψυχρὰ θέρεται, θερμὸν ψύχεται, ὑγρὸν αὐαίνεται, καρφαλέον νοτίζεται. "(" Cold heats up, warm cools down, damp dries up, drought is wetted. ")
νυκτιφαὲς περὶ γαῖαν ἀλώμενον ἀλλότριον φῶς
- νυκτιφαὲς περὶ γαῖαν ἀλώμενον ἀλλότριον φῶς
- nyktiphaes peri gaian alōmenon allotrion phōs
- "A strange light shining in the night, wandering around the earth"
Quote from the fragments of the philosopher Parmenides , who already suspected that the moon reflects the light of the sun. Presumably it was the spots why Parmenides called the moon a mixture of light and darkness, of night and cold. He also believed that the sun was the same size as the moon.
Νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου, δέσποτα.
- Νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου, δέσποτα.
- Nyn apolyeis ton doulon sou, despota.
- "Now you, sir, release your servant."
These are the opening words of the “ Hymn of Simeon ”, one of the three hymns of the Gospel of Luke , 29–32 EU . The text comes from the story of the presentation of Jesus in the temple. The aged Simeon recognizes him as the Messiah he has been waiting for, praises God for it and declares himself ready to die:
Latin ( Vulgate ):
“Nunc dimittis servum tuum Domine, * secundum verbum tuum in pace.
Quia viderunt oculi mei salutare tuum, * quod parasti ante faciem omnium populorum,
lumen ad revelationem gentium * et gloriam plebis tuae Israel. "
Greek:
"Νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου, δέσποτα, * κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ:
ὅτι εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου τὸ σωτήριόν σου * ὃ ἡτοίμασας κατὰ πρόσωπον πάντων τῶν λαῶν,
φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν * καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου Ἰσραήλ."
German ( standard translation ):
“Now you, sir, let your servant * part in peace as you said.
For my eyes have seen salvation * that you prepared before all peoples,
a light that illuminates the Gentiles * and glory for your people Israel. "
After the initial Latin words " Nunc dimittis servum tuum, Domine ", the Nunc dimittis is prayed daily in the Catholic Church's hourly prayer. In Protestant church music, this text often served as the basis for funeral compositions.
The representation of the Lord is an important motif in Christian art. According to Jewish law, the firstborn son was regarded as the property of God in memory of the Passover night and was given to him in the temple ("represented"), where he was to be redeemed by a sacrifice.
- The Gospel of Luke reports that according to this law , the boy Jesus is brought to the temple by Mary and Joseph and the prescribed offering is made. There Simeon and Hanna recognize him as the savior and sing his praise and death hymns.
Νῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς.
- Νῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς.
- Nyn gar dē pantessin epi xyrou histatai akmēs.
- "Because now it is all on the edge of the knife."
The expression “standing on a knife's edge” means that a person or a thing is in a critical situation, with the outcome - good or bad - still uncertain and just about to be decided.
This expression can already be found in Homer's Iliad :
νῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς
ἢ μάλα λυγρὸς ὄλεθρος Ἀχαιοῖς ἠὲ βιῶναι.
Because now it is all on the edge of the knife:
Disgraceful downfall for the Achaeans or life!
In the translation by Johann Heinrich Voss, Nestor complains :
I myself have sons and excellent ones, I also have
enough of the other nations that someone could walk around to call me.
But the Achaeans are much too worried!
Because now it really stands only on the sharpness of the knife:
Disgraceful downfall for the Achaeans, or even life!
On a knife's edge is the title of a novel by William Somerset Maugham from 1944, which has been made into two films.
Νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην.
- Νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην.
- Nyn chrē methysthēn.
- "Now it's time to drink!"
This is the beginning of a song by the poet Alkaios of Lesbos on the death of the tyrant Myrsilos of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos . Various nobles rebelled against the tyrant Myrsilos, including family members of the poet Sappho , who was then banished for the first time as a young girl. Pittakos from Mytilene issued an amnesty that allowed Alcaios and his brother to return to their hometown.
The Roman poet Horace wrote this to an ode to the death of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra with the well-known beginning Nunc est bibendum .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gospel according to Matthew , 5.33–37 EU
- ↑ http://www.bibel-online.net/buch/40.matthaeus/5.html#5,37
- ↑ quoted from Hans Poeschel: The Greek Language . P. 149
- ↑ Quoted from Claudia Dreher's website : Marathon - Historisches ( Memento from March 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/swinburne/hymn.html
- ↑ a b c Henrik Ibsen : Emperors and Galileans in the Gutenberg-DE project
- ^ Plutarch , Vitae 660
- ↑ Arthur Schurig : Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of Peru in the Gutenberg-DE project
- ↑ s: Treatise on the chewing and smacking of the dead in graves / The former dissertation , Wikisource
- ↑ Homer: Iliad. 5,337-342,354; see Greek religious history ( Memento from June 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Diogenes Laertios : Life and Teaching of the Philosophers 4, 48
- ↑ Aristophanes : The Birds (817ff.); quoted from: http://www.stefan.cc/books/antike/voegel.html
- ↑ Pindar : Fragment 169a
- ↑ http://www.harpers.org/archive/2008/02/hbc-90002190
- ↑ The world to be replied to, in which I will have been a guest. ( Memento from April 29, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Histories of Herodotus , 3.38: “ ὀρθῶς μοι δοκέει Πίνδαρος ποιῆσαι νόμον πάντων βασιλέα φήσας εἶναι. "(" I think Pindar is right when he says that the law is king over everything. ")
- ↑ Heraklit : Fragment: On Nature , B 111
- ↑ Plutarch : Adv. Colotem 15,1116a
- ↑ Iliad , Canto 10, verses 173–174
- ↑ Alkaios: Fragment 332 (39D) . Loretana de Libero : The Archaic Tyranny . Stuttgart 1996 (Habil. Göttingen 1995), p. 319 books.google