List of benzodiazepines

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following table provides an overview of the pharmacological data of some benzodiazepines and marketing information.

Active ingredient Trade name (s) Effect type Chemical name Plasma half-life
(metabolite half-life ) 		Equivalent dose to 10 mg diazepam Year of
launch
Adinazolam Deracyn (FR) Tranquilizer, anxiolytic, antidepressant 8-Chloro-1- (dimethylaminomethyl) -6-phenyl-4 H - [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3- a ] [1,4] benzodiazepine 1.5-3 h 30 mg ?
Alprazolam Tafil (D),
Xanax (CH, USA),
Xanax retard (CH, USA),
Xanor (A),
various generics (D, A) 		Tranquilizer, anxiolytic 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4 H - [1,2,4] -triazolo [4,3- a ] [1,4] benzodiazepine 12-15 h 1.5 mg 1981
Bromazepam Bromazanil (D),
Gityl (D),
Lexostad (D),
Lexotanil (D, A, CH),
Bromazepam OPT (D),
Normoc (D),
various generics (D, A) 		Tranquilizer, anxiolytic 7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-5- (2-pyridyl) - 1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 15-28 h 6 mg 1975
Camazepam Albego (CH, ES, IT) Anxiolytic, hypnotic 7-chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl N, N-dimethylcarbamate 6-11 h 10-20 mg 1978
Chlordiazepoxide Librium (D),
Librax (CH),
Librocol (CH),
Limbitrol (A, CH), 		Tranquilizers 7-chloro-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3 H -1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide 5–30 h (48–96 h) 20 mg 1960
Cinolazepam Gerodorm (BG, CZ, HU, SK, RO) Hypnotic 7-chloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-1-propionitrile 4-6 h 40 mg 1992
Clobazam Castilium (PT),
Frisium (D, A),
Noiafren (ES),
Urbadan (NL),
Urbanyl (CH) 		Tranquilizer, anxiolytic, anti-epileptic 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1 H -1,5 -benzodiazepine-2,4 (3 H , 5 H ) -dione 18 h (36–80–120 h) 20 mg 1977
Clonazepam Antelepsin (D),
Rivotril (D, CH) 		Anti-epileptic 5- (2-chlorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-7-nitro-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 30-40 h 2 mg 1973
Clonazolam - Anti-epileptic 6- (2-Chlorophenyl) -1-methyl-8-nitro-4 H - s -triazolo [4,3- a ] -1,4-benzodiazepine 16 h 0.5 mg Designer drug
Cloniprazepam - Anxiolytic, tranquilizer 5- (2-Chlorophenyl) -1-cyclopropylmethyl-7-nitro-1,3-dihydrobenzo [e] [1,4] diazepin-2-one ? 1-2 mg Designer drug
Clorazepate Tranxene (international trade name),
Tranxilium (D, A, CH) 		Tranquilizers 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,2-dihydroxy-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid 2 h [approx. 30–90 h for the active metabolite nordazepam ( N- desmethyldiazepam)] 20 mg 1969
Cloxazolam Akton (BE, LU),
Cloxam (PT),
Elum (BE),
Lubalix (CH),
Olcadil (D, CH, AT),
Sepazon (HK, JP) 		Tranquilizers 10-Chloro-11b- (2-chlorophenyl) -2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro [1,3] oxazolo [3,2- d ] [1,4] benzodiazepin-6-one 55-75 h [approx. 80–115 h for the active metabolite delorazepam (chlordesmethyldiazepam)] 4 mg 1974
Delorazepam Briantum (CH),
Dadumir (IT),
EN (IT),
various generics (IT) 		Anxiolytic, premedication 7-chloro-5- (2-chlorophenyl) -1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (2 H ) -one 80-115 h 1 mg
Diazepam Diazep-CT (D),
Faustan (D),
Gewacalm (A),
Paceum (CH),
Psychopax (A, CH),
Stesolid (D, A, CH),
Valiquid (D),
Valium (D, A, CH , L),
Valocordin-Diazepam (D),
various generics (D, CH) 		Tranquilizer, anti-epileptic, anxiolytic 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 24–48 h [approx. 30–90 h for the active metabolite nordazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam)] 10 mg 1963
Diclazepam - Tranquilizer, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 42 h 1 mg Designer drug
Doxefazepam Doxans (IT) Hypnotic 7-chloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -3-hydroxy-1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2,3-dihydro-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 3-4 h 10 mg 1984
Estazolam Domnamid (DK),
Eszo (TW),
Esilgan (IT)
Eurodin (JP),
Nuctalon (FR),
ProSom (USA), Sedarest (PE), 		Hypnotic 8-Chloro-6-phenyl-4 H - s -triazolo- [4,3a] [1,4] benzodiazepine 10–24 h 1-2 mg 1975
Ethyl loflazepat Meilax (JP),
Victan (FR, BE), 		Tranquilizers 7-Chloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 51-103 h 2 mg 1982
Flualprazolam - Hypnotic 6- (2-Fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-8-chloro-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine 20 h 0.25 mg Designer drug
Flubromazepam - Hypnotic, anxiolytic, tranquilizer, muscle relaxant, anti-epileptic 7-Bromo-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 106 h 4 mg Designer drug
Flubromazolam - Hypnotic 8-Bromo-6- (2-fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-4 H - [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3- a ] [1,4] benzodiazepine 20 h 0.25 mg Designer drug
Fludiazepam Erispan (JP, TW),
Sedepam (TW) 		Tranquilizer, hypnotic 7-chloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 10-30 h 1 mg 1981
Flunitrazepam Fluninoc (D),
Rohypnol (D, A, CH),
some generics (D) 		Hypnotic 5- (2-fluorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 16-35 h 0.5-1 mg 1976
Flunitrazolam - Hypnotic 6- (2-Fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-8-nitro-4 H -benzo [ f ] [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3- a ] [1,4] diazepine ? 0.5 mg Designer drug
Flurazepam Dalmadorm (D, CH),
Staurodorm (D),
Flurazepam Real (D), 		Hypnotic 7-chloro-1- (2-diethylaminoethyl) -5- (2-fluorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 1.5 h [approx. 30–90 h for the active metabolite nordazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam)] 15-30 mg 1970
Flutazolam Coreminal (JP) Tranquilizers 10-Chloro-11b- (2-fluorophenyl) -7- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro [1,3] oxazolo [3,2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepine-6 -on 3-4 h 30 mg 1984
Flutoprazepam Restas (JP) Tranquilizers 7-chloro-1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -5- (2-fluorophenyl) -3 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (60–90 h) 3-4 mg 1986
Halazepam Alapryl (ES),
Pacinone (BE, NL),
Paxipam (IT, USA) 		Tranquilizers 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) -1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (30-100 h) 20 mg 1981
Haloxazolam Somelin (JP) Hypnotic 10-Bromo-11b- (2-fluorophenyl) -2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro [1,3] oxazolo [3,2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepin-6-one 42-123 h 10 mg ?
Loprazolam Avlane (FR),
Dormonoct (GB),
Sonin (D) 		Tranquilizers 6- (2-Chlorophenyl) -2,4-dihydro-2 - [(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) methylene] -8-nitro-1 H -imidazo [1,2- a ] [1,4] benzodiazepine -1-on 8-9 h 1-1.5 mg 1987
Lorazepam Ativan (USA, GB),
Lorazepam dura (D),
Merlit (A),
Tavor (D),
Temesta (CH, A, L, B),
Tolid (D),
various generics 		Tranquilizer, hypnotic, anti-epileptic ( RS ) -7-chloro-5- (2-chlorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 12.9-16.2 hours 2 mg 1963
Lormetazepam Ergocalm (D),
Loramet (CH),
Loretam (D),
Noctamid (A, D, CH),
Sedalam (D),
various generics (D) 		Hypnotic ( RS ) -7-Chloro-5- (2-chlorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 10-14 h 1 mg 1980
Ketazolam Anxon (GB),
Contamex (D),
Solatran (D, CH),
Unakalm (FR), 		Tranquilizer, anti-epileptic, anxiolytic 11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4 H - [1,3] oxazino [3,2- d ] [1,4] benzodiazepine-4,7 (6 H ) -dion 50 h (36–200 h, Northazepam ) 15-20 mg 1980
Meclonazepam - Hypnotic (3 S ) -5- (2-Chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ? 1 mg Designer drug
Medazepam Rudotel (D),
Nobrium (D) 		Tranquilizers 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepine 2–5 h [approx. 30–90 h for the active metabolite nordazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam)] 20 mg 1969
Metaclazepam Talis (D, AT) Anxiolytic 7-Bromo-5- (2-chlorophenyl) -2-methoxymethyl-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepine 16 h 10 mg 1988
Mexazolam Melex (JP),
Sedoxil (PT) 		Anxiolytic 10-Chloro-11b- (2-chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2- d ] [1,4] benzodiazepin-6-one (74 h) 10 mg 1984
Midazolam Buccolam (D, CH),
Dormicum (D, CH),
various generics (CH) 		Short hypnotic 8-chloro-6- (2-fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-4 H -imidazo [1,5- a ] [1,4] benzodiazepine 1.5-2.5 h 7.5 mg orally (1 mg i.v.) 1982
Nifoxipam - Hypnotic, tranquilizer 5- (2-fluorophenyl) -3-hydroxy-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ? ? Designer drug
Nimetazepam Erimin (JP) Hypnotic 2,3-Dihydro-7-nitro-5-phenyl-1-methyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 18-30 h 5 mg 1977
Nitrazepam Dormo-Puren (D),
Imeson (D),
Mogadan (D),
Mogadon (A, CH),
Novanox (D),
Radedorm (D) 		Hypnotic, anti-epileptic 2,3-Dihydro-7-nitro-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 18-30 h 5 mg 1965
North Azepam Calmday (BE, NL),
Madar (IT),
Nordaz (FR),
Stilny (AT, BE),
Tranxilium N (D),
Vegesan (D, CH) 		Tranquilizers 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 50–90 h (8 h) 20 mg 1973
Oxazepam Adumbran (D, A),
Anxiolit (A, CH),
Durazepam (D),
Praxiten (D, A),
Seresta (CH),
various generics (D) 		Tranquilizers ( RS ) -7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 5-15 h 30 mg 1965
Oxazolam Hializan (SP),
Sera (TH),
Serebon (HK),
Serenal (JP),
Tranquit (D),
Quiadon (D) 		Tranquilizers (2 RS , 11b SR ) -10-Chloro-2-methyl-11b-phenyl-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro [1,3] oxazolo [3,2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepine-6 (5 H ) -one 1.5 h [approx. 30–90 h for the active metabolite nordazepam ( N- desmethyldiazepam)] 40 mg 1970
Phenazepam Elzepam (RU),
fenazepam (GE),
fenazepams (LT),
phenzepine (GE),
phenorelaxane (RU) 		Tranquilizers 7-Bromo-5- (2-chlorophenyl) -1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (60 h) 1 mg 1974
Pinazepam Domar (IT),
Duna (ES, IT) 		Anxiolytic 7-chloro-5-phenyl-1- (prop-2-in-1-yl) -1,3-dihydro-2 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 10-15 h [approx. 30–90 h for the active metabolite nordazepam ( N- desmethyldiazepam)] 20 mg 1975
Prazepam Demetrin (D, CH),
Centrax (GB, US),
Lysanxia (FR),
Reapam (D) 		Tranquilizers 7-chloro-1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one 1.5 h [approx. 30–90 h for the active metabolite nordazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam)] 20 mg 1973
Pyrazolam - Anxiolytic 8-Bromo-1-methyl-6- (pyridin-2-yl) -4 H - [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3- a ] [1,4] benzodiazepine 16-18 h 1 mg Designer drug
Quazepam Doral (US, JP),
Quiedorm (ES) 		Hypnotic 7-chloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) -1 H -1,4-benzodiazepine-2-thione (25–41 h) 20 mg 1985
Temazepam Normison (CH),
Planum (D),
Remestan (D),
Temazep (D),
various generics 		Hypnotic ( RS ) -7-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3 H ) -one 5-13 h 20 mg 1970
Tetrazepam Musaril (D),
Myolastan (A, FR),
Rilex (D),
various generics (D, A) 		Myotonolytic (muscle relaxant) 7-chloro-5- (1-cyclohexenyl) -1-methyl-1 H -1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3 H ) -one 18 h 20 mg 1981
Triazolam Halcion (D, A, CH),
Songar (IT) 		Hypnotic 8-chloro-6- (2-chlorophenyl) -1-methyl-4 H -1,2,4-triazolo [4,3- a ] [1,4] benzodiazepine 1.4-4.6 h 0.5 mg 1978

Individual evidence

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  12. ↑ Bjoern Moosmann, Philippe Bisel, Volker Auwärter: Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics. In: Drug Testing and Analysis. 2014, doi: 10.1002 / dta.1628 .
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  21. ↑ K. Rickels, I. Csanalosi, P. Greisman, MJ Mirman, RJ Morris, CC Weise, G. Weiss: Ketazolam and diazepam in anxiety: a controlled study. In: Journal of clinical pharmacology. Volume 20, Number 10, October 1980, pp. 581-589. PMID 6108335 .
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  23. ↑ a b W. Forth, D. Henschler, W. Rummel (Ed.): General and special pharmacology and toxicology. 5th edition. Bibliographisches Institut & F. A. Brockhaus, 1987, ISBN 3-411-03150-6 , p. 558.
  24. ^ Martin Banger: Evidence-based addiction medicine. Treatment guideline substance-related disorders; with 23 tables . Ed .: Lutz G. Schmidt. 1st edition. Deutscher Ärzteverlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-7691-0520-6 , p. 287 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
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  26. ↑ Peter Riederer, Gerd Laux, Walter Pöldinger (eds.): Neuro-Psychopharmaka A Therapy Manual . Volume 2: Tranquilizers and Hypnotics . Springer, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-6593-5 , pp. 107 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
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  28. ↑ R. Jochemsen, DD Breimer: Pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines: metabolic pathways and plasma level profiles. In: Current Medical Research and Opinion . tape 8 , no. 4 , p. 60-79 , doi : 10.1185 / 03007998409109545 , PMID 6144464 (English).
  29. ↑ Janos Fischer, C. Robin Ganellin (Ed.): Analogue-based Drug Discovery . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 3-527-60749-8 , pp. 538 .