List of folk musical instruments
In the European culture during the Renaissance a separation arose between the instruments of art music and court music on the one hand and folk music on the other; older musical instruments no longer used in art music are still in use today as folk musical instruments . However, the musical instruments used in art music are all used in folk music with a few exceptions.
Instruments of alpine folk music
In alpine folk music , the following instruments with the listed functions are mainly used:
-
String instruments :
-
Violin : it is the classic folk musical instrument
- Melody 1st and 2nd voice
- Look-up (accompaniment)
-
viola
- Look-up (accompaniment)
- seldom 3rd voice, secondary and counter voices
-
Cello (rare)
- Look-up (accompaniment)
- Secondary and dissenting voices
-
Double bass , bass violin, sometimes the smaller bassettl is also used.
- Basic basses, bass runs, transitions
-
String Zither :
- Melody instrument, rare
-
Violin : it is the classic folk musical instrument
-
Harmonica instruments :
-
Accordion ( key accordion , button accordion )
- Melody with one, two and three voices in all keys, bass and accompaniment in one instrument, therefore often as a solo instrument
- Main melody instrument alongside other accompanying instruments
- Background music and harmonic framework for other melody instruments
- Reference instrument, especially for dance music
- Singing accompaniment
-
Styrian accordion
- Functions like the accordion, but limited to a few keys, but a powerful, full sound typical of folk music, especially in the bass
-
Schrammel Harmonica
- Accompaniment and background music in the Viennese music
- German accordion, Schwyzerörgeli , Bandonion and others
-
Accordion ( key accordion , button accordion )
-
Brass instruments :
-
Flugelhorn
- Melody instrument
- seldom look-up (accompaniment)
- Sage bubbles
-
Trumpet
- Look-up (accompaniment)
- rarely melody, as the sound is too hard for folk music
-
Tenor horn (bass flugelhorn, bass trumpet, trombone )
- Look-up (accompaniment)
- Secondary and dissenting voices
- Sage bubbles
-
Tuba ( baritone , trombone)
- Basic basses, bass runs, transitions
- French horn and others
-
Flugelhorn
- Woodwind instruments
-
clarinet
- Melody instrument
- alternately with brass in the dance music
- Upper part to the Styrian harmonica
-
Flute
- Melody instrument
- goes well with string instruments
-
Schwegel whistle
- Melody instrument
- Traditional shooting music (Salzkammergut), two- to three-part playing, possibly with a shooting drum
-
recorder
- Melody instrument in room music
-
ocarina
- mostly own ocarina music with guitar
- seldom to other instruments, as the range is limited
- Oboe , bassoon and others
-
clarinet
- Plucked instruments:
-
guitar
- Look-up (accompaniment)
- Melody guitar in room music
- Singing accompaniment
- Contrarian guitar
- especially in Viennese music
-
zither
- Solo instrument
- Melody instrument in room music
- Zither orchestra
- Raffele (original zither)
- Melody instrument
-
Harp (especially folk harp)
- mainly look-up (accompaniment)
- Song accompaniment
- rarely melody, for example in a harp duo, but also solo
-
Hook harp
- Song accompaniment
-
dulcimer
- Salzburg dulcimer (chromatic)
- Melody instrument in room music
- seldom look-up (accompaniment)
- Styrian dulcimer (diatonic)
- in the past mainly look-up (accompaniment)
- today also melody instrument, secondary and counter voices
- East Tyrolean dulcimer
- especially look-up (accompaniment)
- Salzburg dulcimer (chromatic)
-
guitar
- Drone instruments:
-
Hurdy gurdy , bagpipes
- Mostly solo play or melody in small groups
-
Scherr zither
- Hexenscheit (Switzerland)
-
Hurdy gurdy , bagpipes
- Percussion instruments of all kinds, devil's violin
- special folk musical instruments
- Alphorn
- Birch leaf
- Jew's Harp
- harmonica
- Straw fiddle
- Talerschwingen (Switzerland)
-
Halszither (Switzerland)
- Kriens neck zither
- Toggenburg neck zither
Instruments from other countries
Typical folk musical instruments from other cultures are:
- Alboka (Basque Country)
- Alphorn (Switzerland and other mountain areas)
- Arghul
- Baglamas (Greece)
- Balalaika (Russia)
- Bandura (Ukraine)
- Bouzouki (Greece, Ireland)
- Briolka
- Cumbüz
- Didgeridoo (Australia)
- Diple (Bosnia)
- Dizi (instrument)
- Dulzaina (Spain)
- Gajda (Greece, Bulgaria)
- Guitar Lute (Germany)
- Guan
- Guitarra (Portugal)
- Hummel (Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden)
- Jouhikko (Finland)
- Kanonaki
- Kantele (Finland, Estonia, Karelia)
- Laouto
- Launedda (Sardinia)
- Nyckelharpa (Sweden)
- Outi
- Paixiao
- Pibgorn (Wales)
- Saz (Greece)
- Sipsi (Turkey)
- Stössel lute (Germany)
- Toumpeleki
- Trikitixa (Basque Country)
- Tsournas (Greece)
- Txistu (Basque Country)
- Violinzither (Germany)
-
Waldzither (Germany)
- Hamburg forest zither
- Harz zither
- Thuringian forest zither
- Halszither (Switzerland)
- Xeremia (Ibiza)
- Xun
- Zummara (Egypt)