List of folk musical instruments

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In the European culture during the Renaissance a separation arose between the instruments of art music and court music on the one hand and folk music on the other; older musical instruments no longer used in art music are still in use today as folk musical instruments . However, the musical instruments used in art music are all used in folk music with a few exceptions.

Instruments of alpine folk music

In alpine folk music , the following instruments with the listed functions are mainly used:

  • String instruments :
    • Violin : it is the classic folk musical instrument
      Melody 1st and 2nd voice
      Look-up (accompaniment)
    • viola
      Look-up (accompaniment)
      seldom 3rd voice, secondary and counter voices
    • Cello (rare)
      Look-up (accompaniment)
      Secondary and dissenting voices
    • Double bass , bass violin, sometimes the smaller bassettl is also used.
      Basic basses, bass runs, transitions
    • String Zither :
      Melody instrument, rare
  • Harmonica instruments :
    • Accordion ( key accordion , button accordion )
      Melody with one, two and three voices in all keys, bass and accompaniment in one instrument, therefore often as a solo instrument
      Main melody instrument alongside other accompanying instruments
      Background music and harmonic framework for other melody instruments
      Reference instrument, especially for dance music
      Singing accompaniment
    • Styrian accordion
      Functions like the accordion, but limited to a few keys, but a powerful, full sound typical of folk music, especially in the bass
    • Schrammel Harmonica
      Accompaniment and background music in the Viennese music
    • German accordion, Schwyzerörgeli , Bandonion and others
  • Brass instruments :
    • Flugelhorn
      Melody instrument
      seldom look-up (accompaniment)
      Sage bubbles
    • Trumpet
      Look-up (accompaniment)
      rarely melody, as the sound is too hard for folk music
    • Tenor horn (bass flugelhorn, bass trumpet, trombone )
      Look-up (accompaniment)
      Secondary and dissenting voices
      Sage bubbles
    • Tuba ( baritone , trombone)
      Basic basses, bass runs, transitions
    • French horn and others
  • Woodwind instruments
    • clarinet
      Melody instrument
      alternately with brass in the dance music
      Upper part to the Styrian harmonica
    • Flute
      Melody instrument
      goes well with string instruments
    • Schwegel whistle
      Melody instrument
      Traditional shooting music (Salzkammergut), two- to three-part playing, possibly with a shooting drum
    • recorder
      Melody instrument in room music
    • ocarina
      mostly own ocarina music with guitar
      seldom to other instruments, as the range is limited
    • Oboe , bassoon and others
  • Plucked instruments:
    • guitar
      Look-up (accompaniment)
      Melody guitar in room music
      Singing accompaniment
      • Contrarian guitar
        especially in Viennese music
    • zither
      Solo instrument
      Melody instrument in room music
      Zither orchestra
      • Raffele (original zither)
        Melody instrument
    • Harp (especially folk harp)
      mainly look-up (accompaniment)
      Song accompaniment
      rarely melody, for example in a harp duo, but also solo
    • dulcimer
      • Salzburg dulcimer (chromatic)
        Melody instrument in room music
        seldom look-up (accompaniment)
      • Styrian dulcimer (diatonic)
        in the past mainly look-up (accompaniment)
        today also melody instrument, secondary and counter voices
      • East Tyrolean dulcimer
        especially look-up (accompaniment)
  • Drone instruments:
  • Percussion instruments of all kinds, devil's violin
  • special folk musical instruments

Instruments from other countries

Typical folk musical instruments from other cultures are:

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