List of human powered vehicles
Muscle-powered vehicles are all types of vehicles that are not driven by machines or external forces such as wind, but are moved purely by using the muscle power of the occupants.
The following types of muscle-powered vehicles exist:
Land vehicles
- Bicycle , also in the form of a recumbent bike or velomobile
- Dutchman (vehicle)
- rickshaw
- tricycle
- pedal car
- scooter
- Draisine (running machine, balance bike)
- wheelchair
- Hand bike
- unicycle
Track guided vehicles
- Hand lever trolley
- Hand lever cable car
- Hand-operated tram
- hand-drawn light railroad - sometimes during World War I
- hand-drawn mine train - in underground mining
- House taxiways were used to overcome short, level stretches, across courtyards, through narrow or low house passages to the street. The one for bulk trucks from the Miniumfabrik (operated 1850–1992, event location from 1994) in Techelsberg am Wörthersee has a turntable in front of the building.
Watercraft
- Canoe : kayak or canoe
- Rowboat
- Pedal boat
- A tree
- gondola
- Trampofoil
- Aquaskipper
- Hydrofoil
- Submarine - muscle power version by Scubster from France (2011), can be used with diving equipment as it does not have an air-filled cell
- Underwater bike - weighted bike with weighted rider with diving equipment at the bottom of a swimming pool
Aircraft
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A distinction must be made between aircraft operated with muscle power :
- Human-powered aircraft , Eng. Human Powered Aircraft (HPA), formerly also Man Powered Aircraft (MPA), which fly as a glider with wings ( fixed wing aircraft ) or as a helicopter through aerodynamic lift and are propelled with the muscle power of the pilot .
- Airships , which are aerostats (gas-filled blimps or hot-air balloons ) kept in the air by their floats and are only moved forward with the muscle power of the pilot .
Muscular aerodynamic aircraft
A distinction is made according to the aerodynamic lift principle :
- Human-powered aircraft , Eng. (Human Powered Airplanes) that glide on wings as fixed- wing aircraft
- Muscle power helicopter , engl. Human Powered Helicopters (HPH) that can stand in the air thanks to rotating wings , such as the AeroVelo Atlas , which won the Igor I. Sikorsky Prize for the first time in 2013 with a flight time of over 60 seconds .
Not to muscle power , however, include aircraft operated in the narrow sense gliders , hang gliders , paragliders or base jumping , as they only externally mostly through thermals supplied upwind or with the consumption of potential energy function in gliding flight, even if they by the rise previously was applied with muscle power. This certainly does not include carrier pigeons , model gliders , paper planes , water rockets , boomerangs or other projectiles that basically do not meet the definition of a vehicle as a construction with the purpose of transport .
Aerostats & Airships
In the case of airships or aerostats , a distinction must still be made as to whether the pilot is himself an occupant in the aircraft or whether he is dragging it from the ground like a barrow :
- Muscle-powered airships with passenger transport for occupants
- White Dwarf (USA)
- Geiser Zeppy 1 and 2 (France)
- Dorrington "D2-bis" and "D3" (Great Britain)
- Aerosail - Stephane Rousson from Nice combined a blimp ( impact airship ) with muscle power and a hydrofoil in the water in 2006 .
Hand-drawn tethered balloons, typically in the form of a zeppelin (elongated), are used or were used to pull the pilot line for pulling overhead lines and the like.
Toys, sports, street art and acrobatics
- Seated carousel , which is driven by bystanders by hand, possibly while walking along or a passenger pushing off with his foot on the ground
- Tied up "airplane", pulled and held by means of a curved rod that describes a cone shell. In particular, the wrist and neck joint are suitable for guiding the rod
- Air fish on a line
- Poi
- curved cloth
- Roller board with pull cord or to push off with hands or feet
- Skateboard including variants snakeboard, waveboard
- Balance ball
- Balancing roll as a cylinder, or with 2 tires or in the form of a cable drum
- Pedalo
- Roller skis
- Roller skates in variants
- Gym wheel
- Cross-country skiing on cross-country skis
Gravity driven
- Zipline with seat plate and outlet on playgrounds, after being pulled up to the starting hill by the later passenger
- Soapbox Race
- Skiing during a ski tour
Web links
- Website of HPV Deutschland eV , member of the IHPVA (International Human Powered Vehicles Association)
- Book of Synergy , Chronology of Muscle Power Vehicles and Devices
Individual evidence
- ↑ House runways feldbahn.at, 2001, accessed April 4, 2019 - Vienna.
- ↑ Note. In Graz: Rauter hardware store (at least until 1993) between Schönaugasse 13 and Jakoministraße through low house vaults; Company NN, Griesgasse 3
- ↑ Companies registered by the commercial court in Graz December 21, 1937, p. 639.
- ↑ Miniumfabrik Bleiberger Bergwerks-Union graustufe.at, December 29, 2008, accessed May 15, 2019.
- ↑ Informations UK / US scubster.com, accessed December 2, 2017 (English)
- ↑ Stephane Rousson (nee Zeus): Le vol du Scubster youtube.com, Nice 2011, published May 27, 2012, accessed December 2, 2017, video (3:48)
- ↑ New Guinness World Record in Underwater Cycling tauchen.de, November 7, 2014, accessed December 2, 2017.
- ↑ https://www.facebook.com/UnterwasserRadrennen
- ↑ http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Fahrzeug Duden term definition "vehicle"
- ↑ Aerosail Stephane Rousson, accessed December 2, 2017.
- ↑ Stephane Rousson b. Zeus linkedin.com, accessed December 2, 2017 - French.
- ↑ Total Drone Solution Package “Spider” - The King of Overhead Power Lines Stringing Equipment mmcuav.com, MMC, accessed September 23, 2017.