Lithium nitrate
Crystal structure | ||||||||||||||||
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__ Li + __ N __ O | ||||||||||||||||
General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | Lithium nitrate | |||||||||||||||
Ratio formula | LiNO 3 | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
colorless, deliquescent solid |
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External identifiers / databases | ||||||||||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 68.95 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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density |
2.36 g cm −3 |
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Melting point |
255 ° C |
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boiling point |
Decomposition> 600 ° C |
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solubility |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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Toxicological data | ||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Lithium nitrate is a chemical compound with the empirical formula LiNO 3 , which occurs naturally in the form of the trihydrate LiNO 3 · 3 H 2 O. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid .
Extraction and presentation
Lithium nitrate is produced by reacting lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide with nitric acid.
properties
The colorless, hygroscopic salt has a molar mass of 68.95 g / mol, a density of 2.36 g · cm −3 and a melting temperature of 264 ° C. At temperatures above 600 ° C, decomposition takes place. Lithium nitrate is very soluble in ethanol and water. In addition to the anhydrous crystal form, lithium nitrate also occurs as a trihydrate, which gives off its water of crystallization at 28.8 ° C. Supercooled melts of the hydrate are very stable, but can be instantly made to crystallize by adding crystalline lithium nitrate.
use
Contrary to popular belief, LiNO 3 is not used for red light or signal sets. At the flame temperatures typical for pyrotechnic flares, there is always a strong excitation of the Li sub-series lines, which creates an overall red-orange color impression, which can, however, be achieved more easily by using calcium salts. Lithium nitrate is used as a heat transfer medium . It can also be used to produce other lithium compounds. Lithium nitrate is also sold in a mixture with potassium nitrate as Sabalith . This low-melting eutectic is used for the salt bath vulcanization of rubber compounds. Lithium nitrate trihydrate was also used to cool the lander of the Venera mission , as it absorbs heat when it melts (melting point of the trihydrate approx. 30 ° C) and thus ensures a continuous temperature of 30 ° C until it is completely melted.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b entry on lithium nitrate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on July 15, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d data sheet lithium nitrate (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.
- ↑ a b Entry on lithium nitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Lithium nitrate data sheet from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 8, 2011 ( PDF ).
- ^ A b A. F. Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 , p. 1154.
- ^ DL Perry, SL Phillips: Handbook of Inorganic Compounds: An Electronic Database. CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8493-8671-8 , p. 228.
- ^ AN Campbell: The Systems: LiNO 3 -NH 4 NO 3 and LiNO 3 -NH 4 NO 3 -H 2 O. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 64, 1942, pp. 2680-2684, doi: 10.1021 / ja01263a043 .
- ↑ E.-C. Koch: Evaluation of Lithium Compounds as Color Agents for Pyrotechnic Flames . In: J. Pyrotech 13 , 2001 , 1. ( abstract ).
- ↑ European patent EP0363678 1989 , Metzler GmbH.
- ^ Winnacker, Küchler: Chemical technology: processes and products. (PDF; 2.3 MB) 2006 , Wiley-VCH Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-31578-0 .
- ↑ www.Bernd-leitenberger.de .