Lyubov Borisovna Chawkina

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Lyubov Borisovna Chawkina ( Russian Любовь Борисовна Хавкина ; born April 12 . Jul / 24. April  1871 . Greg in Kharkov , † 2. June 1949 in Moscow ) was a Russian - Soviet library scientist , Bibliografin and high school teacher .

Life

Chawkina's Jewish father Boris Vladimirovich Chawkin studied medicine at the University of Kharkov with a degree in 1874 and then ran his publishing house for medical literature in Kharkov, which also published his translations of German medical literature. Chawkina's mother worked as a field shearer . After attending the girls' high school, Chawkina taught at the Sunday school founded by Chrystyna Altschewska from 1888 .

In 1891 Chawkina organized the first free library with others . In the same year she entered the Kharkov Public Library, where she worked intermittently until 1918. From 1898–1901 she studied library science at the Humboldt University in Berlin . She attended the Paris World's Fair in 1900 , where she learned the ideas and methods of the American Library Association founded by Melvil Dewey . In addition to her library work, she studied music theory at the Kharkov Music School . In 1903 she founded and directed the first music department in the Kharkov Public Library for subscribers in Russian public libraries. She also published music reviews and reviews in Kharkov newspapers . At the Liège International - 1905 she received a gold medal for her book on the organization and technology of libraries. In 1911 her guide to some libraries appeared, for which she was elected an honorary member of the Russian Bibliographic Society and which appeared in six editions by 1930.

In addition to her work in Kharkov, Chawkina organized the first courses for librarians in Russia in 1912 at the Moscow City Shanyavsky People's University , which opened in 1913 and in which she taught herself. In 1914 she was elected to the library board in Kharkov. In the same year she got to know the organization of the local libraries on a trip to the USA ( New York City , Chicago , California , Honolulu ) and in Japan . Based on her experience and the principles of Charles Cutter , she created tables for the arrangement of books on library shelves and catalogs , which are still used as Chawkina tables in Russian libraries. In 1916 she organized with others the founding congress of the Russian Library Society , at which she was elected chairman of the board (until 1921).

Lyubov Chawkina's grave in Moscow's Miusskoye Cemetery

After the October Revolution , Chawkina published her work on books and libraries in 1918, in which she opposed the use of libraries in the party struggle. When the Moscow Shanyavsky Municipal People's University was dissolved, the library department under Chawkina was retained. In 1920 it became the library science research cabinet headed by Chawkina . This cabinet was the basis of the Moscow Library Institute, founded in 1930 with the support of Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya with Henrietta Karlowna Derman as its first director, which became the Moscow State Institute of Culture in 1964, the Moscow State University of Culture in 1994 and the Moscow State University of Culture and Art in 1999 to be renamed Moscow State Institute of Culture in 2014.

In 1928 Chawkina retired. She continued to work in library science. With her command of ten languages, she also worked as a foreign language consultant. In 1949, shortly before her death, she received her doctorate for her book on catalogs without defense of a dissertation for a doctorate in educational sciences.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ХАВКИНА, Любовь Борисовна . In: Great Soviet Encyclopedia . tape LIX , 1935, p. 378 ( Wikisource [accessed July 13, 2020]).
  2. a b c d e f Большая российская энциклопедия: ХА́ВКИНА Любовь Борисовна (accessed July 13, 2020).
  3. Jewish Roots: Харьков. Университет (accessed July 13, 2020).
  4. National Parliamentary Library of Georgia : Руководство к частной патологии и терапии, обработанное проф. Geigel'ем в Вюрцбурге, д-ром Hirt'ом в Бреславле ... (accessed July 13, 2020).
  5. Chawkina LB: Библиотеки, их организация и техника . Издание А. С. Суворина, St. Petersburg 1904.
  6. Chawkina LB: Руководство для небольших библиотек . Издание Товарищества И. Д. Сытина, Moscow 1911.
  7. Chawkina LB: Авторские таблицы Кеттера в переработке для русских библиотек . 1916.