Lockersyrosem

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The loose syrup is a raw soil that stands on loose material such as loess or sand at the beginning of soil formation . This distinguishes it from the related Syrosem , the early stage of development on massive raw materials such as rock . The term is made up of "Syrosem" ( Russian : raw earth ) and "loose". In soil science it is abbreviated to OL.

Origin and Distribution

As soon as a vegetation cover forms on exposed loose material , humus forms . In this way, a humus horizon is formed on the surface of the starting material . As long as this is not more than 2 cm thick, the stage of a raw soil (loose syrup) is spoken. The loose syrup is the first stage of soil formation on loose material.

When the humus topsoil has exceeded two centimeters, a more developed soil type is reached. This takes place on undisturbed locations within 1 to 2 years, so that the locksyrosem is only a short transition stage. It is only present in the long term or even permanently at locations prone to erosion.

They can certainly be found in mountains in areas of erosion or accumulation , but in contrast to the Syrosem, they do not have their main area of ​​distribution. The most common natural range of the Lockersyroseme are dunes , in particular the area of ​​the white dunes . In Germany these are primarily found on the coasts . Due to the intensive human use of many areas, Lockersyroseme no longer only occurs in a few extreme locations, but is widely spread around the world. Most of the loose syrups are now a product of soil erosion in overused fields. You can also find them e.g. B. on military training grounds or unpaved parking lots and streets .

Soil socialization

If there are stony zones next to areas with loose material in the mountains, soils of class O / C ( rock humus soil and skeletal humus soil ) and syrosemes also occur in the immediate vicinity of the loose syrosem. In dunes and normal fields, where only loose material is present, there are no socialized initial stages.

Since the loose material is almost always sand, the Lockersyrosem is usually followed by the Regosol . If other grain sizes are exposed due to erosion or sedimentation , transitions to other soils are also possible, for example the Pararendzinen on loess .

Leveling

According to the German soil systematics, the loose syrosem has the leveling Ai / lC:

  • Ai: On the surface there is a topsoil horizon (A) in the initial stage (i = initial) of soil formation. It is usually gaps and very shallow with a maximum thickness of 2 cm.
  • lC: The loose (l) starting material (C) follows directly below the topsoil horizon. The chemical and physical properties of the material can be different, as a differentiation according to substrate is not yet made in the stage of the loose syrup.

In the international soil classification World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), most of the Lockersyroseme belong to the reference soil groups Arenosol and Regosol .

Properties and use

The chemical and physical properties of the topsoil are still very similar to the original material. Sand, which is often found, has low nutrient content and high seepage rates for precipitation. Sands from inland areas are often heavily washed out and therefore have low pH values , while that from coastal dunes is very high ( lime from mussel shells ). Because the soil is just beginning to develop, the humus content is still very low at around 0.6–2 % by weight .

In contrast to the Syrosem, which lies on solid rock, the Lockersyrosem is located on materials that are easy to work with and can be rooted deeply. He is thus z. B. can be cultivated on eroded arable land. In the case of sandy substrate, however, nutrient deficiency and water stress due to fluctuating moisture must be taken into account. In the event of erosion, soil protection measures should be taken.

In erosion-intensive regions where Lockersyroseme of nature occur, which areas are important for the conservation and can or should not be used. The dunes in particular are of great importance in coastal protection .

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