Lomersheim
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Lomersheim
City of Mühlacker
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| Height : | 219 (211-349) m |
| Area : | 6.52 km² |
| Residents : | 2794 (2015) |
| Population density : | 429 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1971 |
| Postal code : | 75417 |
| Area code : | 07041 |
Lomersheim on the Enz is a neighborhood of the district town since 1971 Mühlacker in Enz .
geography
The middle Enztal is the transition area between the Gäu in the south and the Stromberg in the north and between the northern Black Forest in the west and the central Neckar region in the east . In Lomersheim the upper Muschelkalk and the lower Keuper ( Lettenkeuper ) are due. The Enz brings quartz sand and red sandstone pebbles from the northern Black Forest . The landscape form known as the valley meander is present today in the Lomersheim Enz valley as a strong S. Further to the east, the Enztal loops are even more pronounced. One - albeit unpopular, nevertheless noteworthy - karst phenomenon in Lomersheim was the “grotto holes”. This is the result of underground gypsum and salt washings in the middle shell limestone below the valley floor. In the first half of the 20th century, two of these holes served as a Lomersheim garbage dump and were leveled. In 1980 another piece of soil with a diameter of about 6 meters collapsed several meters deep in the 'Dokterle' district. With a few truckloads of excavation from elsewhere, the natural phenomenon was removed from the Lomersheim world.
The middle Enz Valley in Lomersheim also has some special climatic features. The easterly winds in high pressure weather conditions are more than 10 percent more frequent here than on the Feldberg in the Black Forest , because the Enztal canalize the air currents. In return, the main wind direction south-west occurs here almost eight percent less frequently than on the Feldberg, but the middle Enz valley has four percent more westerly winds. The pleasant thing about it is that the rain-bringing west and south-westerly winds usually rain more heavily in the northern Black Forest than over the Enz Valley, that the east winds let more sun through and that the wind strengths in the valley are subdued compared to the edge heights. On the other hand, the easterly winds and high pressure weather conditions lead to inversions , those bioclimatically rather unpleasant reversals of the temperature stratification in the air, which hold down cold air masses down in the valley - recognizable by the fog in the winter months. The Kammertenberg acts as a barrier for the east wind, which is why there are inversion weather conditions in around half of all the days of the year in the Lomersheim Enz Valley, which can cause problems for the residents due to the increased concentrations of pollutants, especially in the respiratory tract.
For the increased flood risk in Lomersheim, not only climatic conditions are decisive. The precipitation that falls in the catchment area of the Enz would not cause flooding in a predominantly forested region. The partial deforestation of the northern Black Forest in the course of the settlement history as well as the increasing soil sealing and land consolidation in the second half of the 20th century have very significant effects on the Enz and its waterways. The speed at which the floods drain has doubled since the middle of the 20th century. Many floodplain areas of the Enz and its tributaries have been built on and have been made considerably smaller by flood protection dams. A violent thunderstorm in the northern Black Forest can be recognized around an hour and a half later by the cloudiness and the rising water level of the Enz in Lomersheim, where the flood exposure dams in front of the Lomersheim Enz bridge form a so-called bottleneck before the water then reaches the narrow Enz valley loops.
history
A Roman villa rustica excavated in the 1980s attests to ancient forerunners. The place name with the ending in -heim and the first documentary mention in the Lorsch Codex of the year 800 as "Lotmarsheim" indicate a foundation or naming around the year 500 by an Alemannic clan chief named Lotmar, with the genitive S being the personal claim to the manor or manor is emphasized.
Around the 11th century, the lords of Lomersheim had the "Rotenburg" built on a spur of the northern Enztal slope facing south-west. Walter von Lomersheim , who was mentioned in a document in 1148 as the founder of the Maulbronn Monastery , also came from the noble noble family of the “von Lomersheim” . Walter's brother Konrad and his sister Ita also made donations to monasteries - as was customary at the time - but Walter renounced worldly life and gave the Cistercians his Eckenweiler estate (now Eckenweiher, zu Mühlacker) about a kilometer north of Lomersheim, where he himself helped build a monastery as a lay brother . Because the property was not suitable for a larger monastery complex, the Speyer bishop Günther von Henneberg ordered that Hirsau monastery should provide the young monastic community with the “Mulenbrunnen” in Stromberg , which had enough water and slopes suitable for quarries. Here, the once flourishing was 1147 Maulbronn Monastery built, which today as UNESCO - World Heritage Site is known. Walter von Lomersheim is shown on a wall painting in the monastery as the founder with a model of the monastery church.
Walter's older brother Konrad von Lomersheim continued the local nobility, which was based economically on the Lomersheim mill and the traffic situation in the medieval network of roads (east-west connection with two Enz crossings). The use of hydropower had already led to the control of the river bed, if not to its relocation, which is why the location was limited to the northern side of the valley until the 19th century. From the record of the grist it can be concluded that the Lomersheim Enz Valley and its surroundings were a multifaceted, fertile settlement area. As predominantly " serfs " of the nobility, the residents had to give their tithes to the knights of Lomersheim and to do compulsory services, which also included forest management.
Little by little, the Lomersheim estates were transferred to the Maulbronn convent, and the farmers of Lomersheim had to perform labor services for the convent. In 1461 the Lords of Lomersheim bought the Untereisesheim community near Wimpfen, including the right to operate a Neckar ferry there. Before that, Untereisesheim had often changed hands, but the gentlemen from Lomersheim stayed for around 200 years and founded other places from there. In 1645, Ludwig Friedrich von Lomersheim, the last of the Lomersheim family, died in the battle of Herbsthausen .
The Thirty Years' War had also severely affected the village of Lomersheim, which had burned down several times. Few of the residents survived. The mighty keep of Lomersheim Castle was included in the Eppinger lines during the War of the Palatinate Succession and defied time until 1815. The tower, originally 30 meters high and 7 meters wide, was brought down by a master mason with official approval for the purpose of quarrying stone. However, the rubble made of medieval concrete held together so well that the large chunks of the tower can still be seen in the former castle complex as the Lomersheim "Turmschdombe".
According to legend, the fact that the Lomersheimers are popularly known as "d'Geißraufa" is due to one of the kings of Württemberg, who compared Lomersheim with a feeding trough for goats because of its structure when looking at the village from the southwest. The many “Wengertmäuerla” on the delicately terraced southern slope below the keep certainly contributed to this. The vineyards on the chalky slopes of the Enz valley in and around Lomersheim refer back to the work of the Maulbronn Monastery, which since the High Middle Ages has intensified viticulture in Lomersheim with a local wine press and a press master specially appointed in autumn. a. leased the vineyard parcels on Kammertenberg , Dahberg and Mönchberg.
In addition to the rafting of tree trunks from the northern Black Forest on the Enz , for which Lomersheim is explicitly named as a landing station in the rafting contract of 1342 between Baden and Württemberg, the Enz plays the main role in Lomersheim's commercial history as a first-rate source of energy. The Lomersheimer Mühle, which had made many owners rich in its 1000-year history, burned down completely in 1901. Four years earlier, the miller's family had installed an electricity plant.
The mill fire only temporarily put an end to the founding days of Lomersheim : The mill location was sold to a Zurich entrepreneur who built a turbine house instead of the mill and a large weaving mill with a steam engine and over 200 mechanical looms upstream, which brought electrification and industrialization to the central Enz Valley. The Swiss founder had taken over financially and had to sell everything to the Wendler company in Reutlingen as early as 1907. Other branches of industry were later subdivided into it, such as machine tool construction under the name “Enzmetall”, where gearboxes for Porsche , for example, were also manufactured. For decades, many Lomersheim residents as well as commuters from neighboring villages had work and training through the weaving mill. Since the Wendler brothers brought modern prosperity to Lomersheim, the elementary school built after the Second World War was named after them "Wendler School Lomersheim".
In the 1960s, the socio-economically significant innovative strength of the Wendler weaving mill, which was important for Lomersheim, waned, and with the decline of the European textile industries, the Wendler weaving group had to give up the weaving mill in the Enztal in 1974 after a series of rationalization and layoffs. The original woodworking machine factory 'Elu', which today manufactures machines for aluminum and plastic profile processing and operates under the name 'elumatec', was and still is of great resilience. This company has a very high export share, but develops and produces exclusively in Lomersheim. It has become the market leader in this field with a global sales network and branches in 40 countries around the world. The elumatec company was founded in 1928.
In the 100 years since the industrialization of the place, but especially since the incorporation into Mühlacker , the settlement area of Lomersheim has been enlarged about twenty times. The building boom and land consumption not only had positive side effects. The water that suddenly converges from the sealed surfaces when it rains has to be temporarily stored in expensive rain overflow basins because the main sewage treatment plant for the entire city of Mühlacker is located in Lomersheim. In 1950 Lomersheim had around 15 m² of living space per inhabitant, at the turn of the millennium it was already over 50 m² per inhabitant.
On January 1, 1971 Lomersheim was incorporated into the city of Mühlacker.
Honorary citizen
- Eberhard Wendler , manufacturer in Reutlingen, honorary citizen in 1932
- Carl Jakob († 1965), manufacturer, honorary citizen 1960
- Eugen Lutz , entrepreneur, honorary citizen 1962
- Emil Heidinger , entrepreneur, honorary citizen 1963
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 458 .
literature
- Adam, Thomas, Dussel, Konrad (eds.): Lomersheim an der Enz. (More than) 1200 years of history. Ubstadt-Weiher 2000 (contributions to the history of the city of Mühlacker, vol. 3rd ed. From the city archive of Mühlacker).
