Louis Ramond de Carbonnières
Louis François Elizabeth Ramond de Carbonnières (born January 4, 1755 in Strasbourg , † May 14, 1827 in Paris ) was an Alsatian- French geologist , botanist and politician who is considered a pioneer in the exploration of the Pyrenees . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Ramond ".
Life
De Carbonnières studied law in Strasbourg and was admitted to the bar in 1777. As a student in Strasbourg, he made friends with the poet Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz and contemporary German literature of the Sturm und Drang influenced him, especially Johann Wolfgang Goethe's Die Leiden des Junge Werther , and in 1777 he published a Werther novel himself ( Les Dernières aventures du jeune d'Olban ). Also in 1777 he made a trip to Switzerland, where he met Albrecht von Haller , Johann Kaspar Lavater and Charles Bonnet , and a trip to the Rhine with Lenz. In 1779 he moved with his father to Paris, where he published a historical novel in 1790 ( La Guerre d'Alsace pendant le Grand Schisme d'Occident ), which was not very successful. He returned to Strasbourg soon afterwards and entered the service of Cardinal Louis de Rohan , whom he accompanied on trips , as secretary . When the cardinal had to go into exile as part of the collar affair in 1786, De Carbonnières accompanied him and thus came into contact with the Pyrenees for the first time when they were in the seaside resort of Barèges in 1787 . He dealt with the geology of the Pyrenees, which he published in 1789 after his return to Paris (the cardinal was allowed to return to Strasbourg). He also attended botany lectures by Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu and René Desfontaines in the Jardin des Plantes. He was politically involved in the French Revolution and was a deputy of the National Assembly (1791), was a member of the Feuillants and fled from Paris to the Pyrenees during the years of terrorism , where he devoted himself to scientific studies. As a political suspect, he was under surveillance there, was arrested in 1794 and imprisoned for seven months in Tarbes , where he was lucky enough to escape execution.
From 1796 he devoted himself entirely to natural history and was a professor at the school in Tarbes. He corresponded with botanists and geologists such as Philippe Picot of Lapeyrouse (1744-1818), René Desfontaines (1750-1833), Jean Thore (1762-1823) and Dominique Villars (1745-1814) and later with René Just Haüy , Alexandre Brongniart and Jean Florimond Boudon de Saint-Mercy (1748-1831).
In 1797 he went on an expedition to the summit of Monte Perdido with Lapeyrousse and some students to clarify geological questions, but did not reach the summit. He only succeeded in doing this in 1802, although he had to realize that someone else had gotten ahead of him.
In 1800 he returned to Paris after the closure of his school in Tarbes and became politically active again. In 1805 he married the daughter Bonne-Olympe of his friend Bon-Joseph Dacier (1742-1833) and widow of General Louis-Nicolas Chérin (1762-1799). He made a career under Napoleon and became vice-president of the "Corps législatif" and in 1806 prefect of the Puy-de-Dôme department . In 1809 Napoleon appointed him baron. In 1815 he was elected to the Puy-de-Dôme department and in 1818 to the Conseil d'État . As a naturalist, he now dealt with the Massif Central in Auvergne and in 1821 traveled again to the Pic du Midi . He is buried in the Montmartre cemetery.
In 1802 he became a member of the Académie des Sciences . His herbarium is in the Natural History Museum of Bagnères-de-Bigorre.
Honors
The genus rock plate ( Ramonda Rich. ), Including the Pyrenees rock plate ( Ramonda myconi ), was named in his honor and the 3263 m high Soum de Ramond in the Monte Perdido massif and the 3011 m high Pic Ramougn in the Néouvielle massif.
In 1865 the Société Ramond was founded in Bagnères-de-Bigorre , which is dedicated to the scientific research of the Pyrenees and publishes an annual bulletin.
Fonts
- Observations faites dans les Pyrénées, pour servir de suite à des observations sur les Alpes, Paris 1789, online
- Voyage au Mont-Perdu et dans la partie adjacente des Hautes-Pyrénées, Paris: Belin 1801, online
- Mémoires sur la formule barométique de la mécanique celeste et les dispositions de l'atmosphère qui en modifient les propriétés, Landriot, Clermont-Ferrand 1811, digitized
- Leveling des Monts Dorés et des Monts Dômes disposé par ordre de terrains 1815
- Mémoire sur l'état de la végétation au sommet du Pic du Midi, Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences Paris 6, 1825, pp. 81–174
New editions of his works:
- Travels in the Pyrenees: containing a description of the principal summits, passes and vallies, Longman 1813
- Observations faites dans les Pyrénées, Flammarion, 2015
- Voyages au Mont-Perdu et dans la partie adjacente des Hautes-Pyrénées, librairie des Pyrénées et de Gascogne, 2002
- Viajes al Monte Perdido ya la parte adyacente de los Altos Pirineos: Francia, 1801–1804. Histórica series. Editor Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales 2002
- Herborisations dans les Hautes-Pyrénées: ou essai pour servir à l'histoire naturelle, tant des végétaux qui y croissent spontanément que de ceux qu'une culture habituelle ya naturalisés, Rando 1997
literature
- Benoît Dayrat: Les Botanistes et la Flore de France, trois siècles de découvertes, Publication scientifiques du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003
- Henri Beraldi: Cent ans aux Pyrénées, 7 volumes, Paris, 1898–1904, new editions Les Amis du Livre Pyrénéen, Pau 1977 and Librairie des Pyrénées et de Gascogne, Pau 2001
Web links
- Biography at the Société Ramond
- Author entry and list of the described plant names for Louis Ramond de Carbonnières at the IPNI (without mushrooms)
References and comments
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Carbonnières, Louis Ramond de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Carbonnières, Louis François Elizabeth Ramond de (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French geologist, politician and botanist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 4, 1755 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Strasbourg |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 14, 1827 |
| Place of death | Paris |