Louis Faidherbe

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Louis Léon César Faidherbe
Postage stamp from the French colony of Dahomey in honor of Louis Faidherbes

Louis Léon César Faidherbe (born June 3, 1818 in Lille , †  September 28, 1889 in Paris ) was a French general .

Life

Faidherbe attended the École polytechnique and then in 1840 entered the artillery and genius school (today pioneers) of the fortress Metz . Between 1844 and 1845 he served as a genius officer in Algeria .

In 1848 and 1849 he was in Guadeloupe as a captain and then again until 1852 in Algeria, where he took part in several expeditions , such as under Saint Arnaud against the Kabyle . In 1852 he came to Senegal as sub-director of geniuses , where he was promoted to chief de bataillon in 1854 and appointed governor of the colony . In 1855 he subjugated several peoples who opposed the French colonial power and organized the areas of the Waalo as a French province. In 1857 he set up African units, the Tirailleurs sénégalais .

Faidherbe continued his conquests in Senegambia when he completely subjugated the powerful Moorish population at Trarza (1858) and then led a campaign against the King of Cayor in January 1861 , which began with the conquest of its coastal areas and the occupation of the right bank of Senegal until it ended beyond Bathel de Medina .

Faidherbe returned to France in June 1861 , but soon went back to Algeria, where he was promoted to Général de brigade in 1863 . A short time later he was again placed at the head of the colony of Senegambia and he stayed there until 1865, when he was given command of the Algerian sub-province of Bona .

At the beginning of 1870 he received a division in Constantine and at the end of November was summoned by Gambetta to France and entrusted with the command of the Northern Army in the Franco-German War . On December 5, he met in Lille and was the core of his army, about 40,000 strong, already on the rise against Amiens , on 23 and 24 December from when he General von Manteuffel in the battle of hallue to Retreat was forced to the north past Arras .

After two days of fighting at Bapaume on January 2nd and 3rd, 1871 Faidherbe was again forced, this time by Goeben, to retreat to Arras and Douai , with the Northern Army suffering great losses. Faidherbe then tried again to advance south, was thrown back by Goeben on St. Quentin and was decisively defeated here on January 19 in the Battle of Saint-Quentin .

In February 1871, Faidherbe was elected to the National Assembly as an avid Republican and supporter of Gambetta , but resigned his seat on February 19. On April 27, 1871, he was retired and sent by the government to Upper Egypt to examine the monuments and inscriptions there. He has made great contributions to geography , ethnography , archeology and linguistics , so u. a. in his essays on the culture and languages ​​of Senegal. In 1872 he published an article about the megalithic buildings in Algeria, which he connected with the expansion of their builders from the Baltic region.

His defense paper on the military operations of the Northern Army during the Franco-Prussian War contains information that caused General von Goeben to reply in the Allgemeine Militär-Zeitung (Darmstadt, 1871 and 1872).

Louis Léon César Faidherbe died in Paris on September 28, 1889.

Fonts

  • Chapitres de geographie sur le nord-ouest de l'Afrique. Imprimerie du Gouvernement, St. Louis 1864.
  • Collection complète des inscriptions numidiques (Libyques). Avec des Aperçus ethnographiques Sur les Numides. 2 volumes (Textbd. Tafelbd.). Franck, Paris 1870, (digital copies : Textbd.Textbd. , Tafelbd. ).
  • Campagne de l'armée du Nord en 1870–1871. Dentu, Paris 1871, ( digitized version ).
  • Epigraphie phenicienne. In: Mémoires de la Société des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille. Series 3, Volume 10, 1872, pp. 293-298 .
  • Considérations générales. In: Louis Faidherbe, Paul Topinard : Instructions sur l'anthropologie de l'Algérie. Hennuyer, Paris 1874, pp. 3-12 .
  • Essai sur la Langue Poul. Grammaire et vocabulaire. Maisonneuve, Paris 1875, ( digitized version ).
  • Langues sénégalaises. Wolof, arabe-hassania, soninké, sérère. Notions grammaticales, vocabulaires et phrases. Leroux, Paris 1887.
  • Le Sénégal. La France dans l'Afrique occidentale. Hachette, Paris 1889, ( digitized version ).

literature

  • Glyn Daniel : The Megalith builders of Western Europe. Hutchinson, London 1958.

Web links

Commons : Louis Faidherbe  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Goeben wrote briefly in 1871 ( General Faidherbe about the fighting at Bapaume on January 2nd and 3rd, 1871. A word for correction. In: Allgemeine Militär-Zeitung. Vol. 46, No. 34, 1871, pp. 265-267 ) , but in 1872 in detail ( on the history of the campaign in north-western France. In: Allgemeine Militär-Zeitung. Jg. 47, No. 36, 1872, pp. 281–284 ; No. 37, 1872, pp. 289–291 ; No. 38, 1872, pp. 297-299 ; No. 41, 1872, pp. 321-322 ; No. 42, 1872, pp. 329-331 ; No. 43, 1872, pp. 337-338 ; No. 44, 1872, pp. 345-346 ; No. 45, 1872, pp. 344-355 ; No. 46, 1872, pp. 361-363 ; No. 47, 1872, pp. 369-371 ). Faidherbe then published the work Réponse à la relation du général by Goeben pour fade suite à la Campagne de l'Armée du Nord (Dentu, Paris 1873, digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Faidherbe, Louis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Faidherbe, Louis Léon César
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French general
DATE OF BIRTH June 3, 1818
PLACE OF BIRTH Lille
DATE OF DEATH September 28, 1889
Place of death Paris