Mehmed Ali Pasha
Mehmed (Mehemed) Ali Pascha , b. as Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit , (occasionally Carl Detroy ) (born November 18, 1827 in Magdeburg , Prussia , † September 7, 1878 in Gjakova , today Kosovo ) was an Ottoman field marshal of German descent.
Life
Mehmed Ali Pascha was the son of the Prussian chamber musician Carl Friedrich Detroit from Berlin, whose grandfather († 1777) immigrated from France, and his wife Henriette Jeanette Severin, a bourgeois daughter from Magdeburg. After attending primary school, Ludwig Karl Friedrich Detroit switched to Magdeburg High School . In the tertia (before the "middle school leaving certificate") he dropped out of school and tried a commercial apprenticeship. When he was twelve, Karl Detroit was hired as a cabin boy on a Mecklenburg brig .
When he was 16 years old and one day the ship was in the port of Istanbul , he escaped by jumping into the water. By chance he was rescued by Mehmed Emin Ali Pascha , who later became Grand Vizier , and Karl told him that he did not want to go back to the ship. Charles remained a benefactor until the pasha's death in 1871. Karl Detroit then converted to Islam , took the name Mehmed Ali and was accepted into an Ottoman cadet school in 1846 at the mediation of the Pasha at the age of 19; a circumstance that almost turned into a political issue, since the Prussian embassy for the German Confederation officially protested to the Ottoman government.
He was able to complete this training in 1853 and was taken over in the same year with the rank of "second lieutenant" of the Ottoman army . During the Crimean War , Mehmed Ali was positively noticed by the commander-in-chief of the Danube Army, Omar Pascha , and he was therefore appointed his orderly officer. At the end of the war, Mehmed Ali held the rank of major .
On Omer Pascha's staff, Mehmed Ali took part in various wars: Montenegro (1861), Crete (1867) and many more. In 1865 he was promoted to brigadier general and in 1871, after Ali Pascha's death, was transferred to the Rhodope Mountains to suppress attempts at revolt. Mehmed Ali was stationed in Bosnia between 1875 and 1876, but was not very successful there militarily. As the successor to Abdülkerim Nadir Pascha , Mehmed Ali was appointed Muschir (Marshal) on July 18, 1877 . As such, he was in command of the Ottoman Army in Bulgaria in the Russo-Ottoman War .
Despite his military successes, he had no political backing and was dismissed from his post on October 2, 1877. After the fall of Pleven , Mehmed Ali became commander-in-chief of a home army with effect from January 9, 1878, which he himself had set up to protect Istanbul.
In June 1878 he became a member of the Ottoman delegation, which took part in the Berlin Congress under the direction of Alexander Carathéodori . The Hohe Pforte chose him because of his origins, but this was not appreciated in Berlin . Otto von Bismarck spoke of a "tactlessness" and the entire German General Staff rejected Mehmed Ali's presence.
After the Berlin Congress was concluded, Mehmed Ali was immediately sent to the border area between Montenegro and Albania to put down an uprising. At the age of 50, Mehmed Ali Pasha was slain in Gjakova (today Kosovo ) on September 7, 1878 by the Albanian insurgents led by Sulejman Vokshi .
The German painter Anton von Werner has portrayed Mehmet Ali Pascha on his famous monumental painting “The Berlin Congress”, which is now in the Rotes Rathaus in Berlin; likewise in 1878 the painter Carl Johann Arnold in a much smaller-format painting. Theodor Heuss , the first German Federal President , published an essay on him in 1948. Mehmed Ali married a Turkish woman with whom he had four daughters; among his grandchildren and descendants were well-known personalities such as Nazım Hikmet (poet), Ali Fuat Cebesoy (general and minister) and Oktay Rifat (writer).
literature
- Theodor Heuss : Mehemed Ali . In: ders .: Shadow conjuring. Marginal figures in German history . Wunderlich, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1947, new edition: Klöpfer & Meyer, Tübingen 1999, ISBN 3-931402-52-5
- Mieste Hotopp-Riecke: An Ottoman from Magdeburg. Mehmed Ali Pasha . In: Stephan Theilig / Brandenburg-Preußen-Museum Wustrau (ed.): Türcken, Mohren and Tartaren - Muslims in Brandenburg-Prussia. Catalog for the special exhibition from March 23 to October 5, 2014 in the Brandenburg-Prussia Museum Wustrau . 1st edition. Rombach-Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2014, pp. 54–56.
- Mieste Hotopp-Riecke: The legacy of the Pasha of Magdeburg: An escape as intercultural history and its consequences in the context of interdisciplinary research and teaching. In: Marmara. Türkiye-Almanya Araştırmaları Dergisi / Marmara magazine for German-Turkish studies . Istanbul: Center for German-Turkish Relations / Marmara University, 4 (1-2) 2015, pp. 65–77.
- Hans-Jürgen Kornrumpf: Mehmed Ali Pascha, Müşir Macarlı . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 3. Munich 1979, p. 147 f.
- Johann Albrecht Freiherr von Reiswitz: Detroit, Ludwig Carl Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 620 ( digitized version ).
- Joseph Risse: Mehemed Ali Pascha . In: Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and for Anhalt (Hrsg.): Mitteldeutsche Lebensbilder , 3rd volume: Lebensbilder des 18. und 19. Century. Self-published, Magdeburg 1928, pp. 469-480.
- World history . In: Fliegende Blätter , Volume 1, 1845, Issue 1, pp. 7–8 ( Wikisource )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ angelfire.com (Turkish)
- ↑ Mehemet Ali Pasha In: The New International Encyclopædia (English, Wikisource )
- ↑ angelfire.com (Turkish)
- ↑ Oliver Jens Schmitt : The Albanians. A story between Orient and Occident . CH Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-63031-6 , p. 71.
- ^ Friedrich von Boetticher: Painters' works of the 19th century . tape 1 . Dresden 1891, p. 41 f ., No. 27 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mehmed Ali Pasha |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Detroit, Ludwig Karl Friedrich (birth name); Detroy, Carl |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ottoman field marshal of German origin |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 18, 1827 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Magdeburg , Kingdom of Prussia |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 7, 1878 |
| Place of death | Gjakova |