Ludwig Leiner

Ludwig Leiner (born February 22, 1830 Konstanz , Baden ; † April 2, 1901 ibid.) Was a councilor and pharmacist in Konstanz on Lake Constance and made a name for himself as a botanist, monument protector, collector and founder of the Rosgarten Museum in Konstanz.

Life

Family, youth, studies

Adolf Ludwig Leiner was born on February 22, 1830, the son of the Constance pharmacist Franz Xaver Leiner (1804–1846). The Leiner family had moved from St. Gallen to Constance at the beginning of the 16th century and were among the most respected Constance residents: The family repeatedly appointed councilors and even held the office of mayor and bailiff three times.

From 1840 to 1844 Ludwig Leiner attended the “Lyceum” in Konstanz, a school founded by the Jesuit order in 1604 (today's Heinrich-Suso-Gymnasium Konstanz ). In September 1844 he was transferred to the Upper Quarter, but due to the poor health of his father he had to leave school that same month with the "teaching license for pharmacy". In 1827 Ludwig Leiner's grandfather, Johann Evangelist Leiner, bought the Malhaus pharmacy, which was run by Ludwig Leiner's father. Ludwig Leiner entered his father's pharmacy as an apprentice on October 1, 1827, but remained a guest student at the Lyceum and, in addition to his apprenticeship as a pharmacist, continued to learn mathematics , physics and natural history .

In 1846 the father died. Ludwig Leiner finished his apprenticeship in April 1848. He started out as an assistant in the FX Baur pharmacy in Ichenheim near Offenburg before moving to the Sachs'sche Hofapotheke in Karlsruhe , where he stayed until 1850.

In May 1851 Ludwig Leiner enrolled at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich and began studying pharmacy there, which he finished in May 1852 with the state examination (and the grade “excellent”).

Takeover of the pharmacy, marriage and work as a city councilor

Leiner returned to Constance and took over his father's pharmacy in 1853. In the same year he married Thekla Baur (1833-1896), the daughter of his former boss in Ichenheim, with whom he had four children: Anna (1854-1904), Otto (1856-1931), Emma (1859-1874) and Ida (* 1862).

From 1864 until his death in 1901, Ludwig Leiner was a member of the Konstanz city council without interruption. As a city councilor, he was particularly committed to the preservation of the city's cultural heritage and the old buildings as well as to school and educational policy matters. Leiner was a national liberal and ran the establishment of a denominational mixed elementary school (which was founded in 1868). In 1869 he took over the chairmanship of the parish "Ortsschulrath".

In 1861 city councilor Ludwig Leiner and archivist Johann Marmor again prevented the city of Constance from attempting to demolish the Rheintorturm . In 1866 he called for "the preservation of old, good architectural monuments in Constanz" and campaigned for the preservation of the historical substance of the city of Constance, as the cityscape was quickly and seriously changed as a result of the demolition of the old city walls and the construction of the railway from the 1840s. With his appeal, Leiner was able to preserve the old city gates (especially the Schnetztor).

Lifetime achievements

Foundation of the Rosgarten Museum

Leiner's interest in historical finds ensured that many finds that came to light during renovation or demolition work were collected and preserved.

In Constance, however, there was only one collection of curiosities in the old department store. a. a bird collection, coins and other things were on display. Leiner strictly rejected this collection because “the curiosa and Konstanz memorabilia in the department store were mixed with junk” and he saw his hometown being discredited by the “blue lies” of the visitors. That is why he set up a museum in order to be able to present the archaeological finds of recent years appropriately. In addition, as early as 1864 he had called for the establishment of a “technical collection of goods”, which should impart knowledge of goods to pharmacists and other traders and provide reference material for checking raw materials.

In August 1868, Leiner set up a museum to house the historical finds and the collection of goods. He wrote a “call for the display of antiquity objects and natural objects in the local city”, in which he asked the citizens of Constance to make objects from the city's history available to the new museum for the exhibition. However, the call initially met with little success, and Leiner was on the verge of giving up the museum.

The city's purchase of a bird collection with almost 200 species (Spachholzische Vogelsammlung) and his decision to provide the newly founded museum with its own natural history collection brought about the breakthrough. The natural history collection of the Leiner family went back to the grandfather, who owned a rich butterfly collection, which Ludwig Leiner's father Franz Xaver Leiner expanded and added a beetle collection. Franz Xaver Leiner was also an expert on the local flora and had put together an extensive herbarium. Ludwig Leiner himself had collected plants in the vicinity of Constance since his school days and during his apprenticeship years, thus expanding his father's herbarium. In addition, he had painting and drawing lessons from Joseph Mosbrugger and Johann Jacob Biedermann, two well-known Constance painters in the 19th century. This resulted in numerous self-made drawings of Konstanz city views and plants in the Konstanz area, which Leiner also made available to the museum.

In autumn 1870, the newly founded museum was given an upper floor in the "Haus zum Rosgarten", the former butchers' guild house, for museum purposes and Leiner was appointed the first honorary curator of the Rosgarten Museum .

In 1872 Leiner finally donated his collections to the museum, including the collection of rocks, attachments, minerals and petrefacts that he had brought together in the years before 1872. In June 1873, Leiner acquired the “von Seyfried'sche natural history collection” with a rich inventory of Öhninger fossils (including one of the specimens of the Öhninger frog Latonia seyfriedii ; further specimens are in the Paleontological Institute in Zurich and in the State Museum for Natural History in Karlsruhe . From 1872 By 1874 he was able to expand the extensive butterfly, beetle and mineral collection of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin , which he had received, re-inventoried and further expanded from his uncle, the Constance entrepreneur Caspar Macaire. In 1878 and 1891 the museum received the mineral collections of the District doctor Dr. Eduard Rauterund and given by Nikolaus Vincent.

The museum showed an overview of the geological development of the earth and the Lake Constance landscape with the associated flora and fauna as well as the cultural development of mankind from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages . The museum exhibited z. B. prehistoric finds from the Kesslerloch near Thayngen in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen (carvings of the reindeer hunters in bones and reindeer antlers) and numerous pile dwellings from Lake Constance.

Leiner Herbarium

Ludwig Leiner made a name for himself in botanical circles as an employee of Johann Christoph Döll's "Flora des Grand Duchy of Baden", published in 1857. Based on the model of a Swiss cryptogam flora, Leiner published his extensive exsiccata work "Kryptogamen Badens" from 1857 to 1880 together with his Salem pharmacist colleague Josef Bernhard Jack and the Konstanz doctor Ernst Stizenberger . The edition was approx. 65 copies.

But Ludwig Leiner dealt not only with cryptogams, but also with phanerogams, for which he created a large herbarium. The basis of this herbarium was formed by his father's documents, which he took over into his collection under the name “from Xaver Leiner's Herbarium”. Franz Xaver Leiner not only collected himself, but also bought herables (e.g. that of the Ellwang doctor and botanist Josef Alois Frölich, who died in 1841).

Leiner's flowering plants and fern herbarium comprises around 16,000 documents, including a number of type specimens. The cryptogam herbarium of mosses, lichens, algae and fungi comprises another 18,000 specimens. Most of Leiner's plants come from Central Europe, especially from southwest Germany and the Lake Constance area.

Ludwig Leiner also created a “Flora of the Constanz area”, consisting of ten large-format cassettes, elaborately prepared as books, with a total of 615 different plant species. Particularly noteworthy are specimens of the now extinct Lake Constance saxifrage ( Saxifraga oppositifolia subsp. Amphibia ).

The Leiner Herbarium was extensively restored from 2002 to 2004 and is now in the Lake Constance Nature Museum in Konstanz.

In 1881 the eldest son, Otto Leiner, took over his father's pharmacy. Ludwig Leiner died on April 2, 1901 of complications from pneumonia.

Constance street names

Ludwig Leiner worked out the names for the streets of Konstanz in 1876, e.g. B. the name Hussenstraße for the street section from Schnetztor to Münzgasse.

Lake Constance History Association

In 1869, Leiner joined the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , which was founded the previous year. He played a leading role on its board as the second secretary until his death. B. when building the club museum in Friedrichshafen. The club made him an honorary member in 1893.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Website Rheintorturm
2. ↑ Tatiana Sfedu: The Rosgartenmuseum in Konstanz - establishing an art and cultural history museum. Master's thesis, University of Konstanz 1996
3. ↑ Zbynek Rocek (1994): Taxonomy and distribution of Tertiary Discoglossids (Anura) of the genus Latonia v. MEYER, 1843. [Taxonomie et répartition des Discoglossidae tertiaires (Anura) du genre Latonia v. MEYER, 1843]. GEOBIOS, 27 (6): 717-751.
4. ^ Michael Dienst: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner Herbarium in Konstanz - description of the project. In: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner herbarium in Konstanz. Reports of the Botanical Working Group Southwest Germany, Supplement 1. Karlsruhe 2004, p. 7
5. ^ Michael Dienst: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner Herbarium in Konstanz - description of the project. In: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner herbarium in Konstanz. Reports of the Botanical Working Group Southwest Germany, Supplement 1. Karlsruhe 2004, p. 13
6. ↑ Ingo Schulz-Weddigen & Peter Wollkopf: Ludwig Leiner, museum founder and creator of the Leiner Herbarium in Constance. In: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner herbarium in Konstanz. Reports of the Botanical Working Group Southwest Germany, Supplement 1. Karlsruhe 2004, p. 23
7. ^ Michael Dienst: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner Herbarium in Konstanz - description of the project. In: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner herbarium in Konstanz. Reports of the Botanical Working Group Southwest Germany, Supplement 1. Karlsruhe 2004, p. 7
8. ^ Ulrich Büttner, Egon Schwär: The Hussenstrasse. An old trade route is reminiscent of Bohemia. In: Ulrich Büttner and Egon Schwär: Konstanzer Council story (s) . Publishing house Stadler. Constance 2014. ISBN 978-3-7977-0580-8 . Pp. 177 to 179.
9. ↑ Harald Derschka : The association for the history of Lake Constance and its surroundings. A look back at one hundred and fifty years of club history 1868–2018. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 136, 2018, pp. 1–303, here: p. 62, p. 74.

literature

• Carl Beyerle: † Hofrat Ludwig Leiner von Konstanz . In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings . Volume 30, 1901, pp. V – XIII ( digitized version )
• Johannes Meyer : Hofrat Leiner 1830–1901. Obituary. In: Thurgauian contributions to patriotic history. Volume 41, 1901, pp. 5-9 ( digitized version ).
• Ingo Schulz-Weddigen & Peter Wollkopf: Ludwig Leiner, museum founder and creator of the Leiner Herbarium in Constance. In: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner herbarium in Konstanz. Reports of the Botanical Working Group Southwest Germany, Supplement 1. Karlsruhe 2004, pp. 15–24
• Tatiana Sfedu: The Rosgarten Museum in Konstanz - to found an art and cultural history museum. Master's thesis, University of Konstanz 1996
• Tatiana Sfedu: Founding a museum and civic self- image . The Leiner family and the Rosgarten Museum in Konstanz. Dissertation, University of Konstanz 2006 ( full text ).
• Tatiana Sfedu: A Constance citizens' organization. The Rosgarten Museum since Ludwig Leiner. University Press Konstanz, Konstanz 2007, ISBN 978-3-89669-640-3 .

Web links

Commons : Ludwig Leiner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• The Leiner Herbarium in the Lake Constance Nature Museum in Konstanz
• Leiner Herbarium