Lukas Vischer (theologian)

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Lukas Vischer (born November 23, 1926 in Basel ; † March 11, 2008 in Geneva ) was a Swiss Reformed theologian. He was Research Secretary from 1961 and Director of the Faith and Order Department of the World Council of Churches in Geneva from 1966 to 1979 . From 1980 to 1992 he headed the Evangelical Ecumenical Office Switzerland and taught ecumenical theology at the Theological Faculty of the University of Bern . From 1982 to 1989 he was chairman of the theological department of the Reformed World Federation and from 1982 to 2008 moderator of the program commission of the Center John Knox in Geneva. The ecological responsibility of the churches became a focus of his work during these years.

Live and act

Youth in Basel 1926–1953

Lukas Vischer came from a family that played a role in public life in Switzerland on both his father's and his mother's side. Born on November 23, 1926, he grew up as the youngest of four siblings in Basel and attended the humanistic grammar school there. After a trial semester in law and history, he studied theology in Basel, Strasbourg and Göttingen from 1946. He finished his studies with a semester at Oxford and a dissertation with Oscar Cullmann on the church father Basilius the Great (1953).

Parish office in Herblingen / Schaffhausen 1953–1961

In 1953 he married Barbara Schmidt, who had a doctorate in law, and took up the parish in Herblingen near Schaffhausen. Their four children were born there. In the canton of Schaffhausen he was committed to the inner evangelical beginnings of the later Working Community of Christian Churches and was delegated to the ecumenical commission of the Swiss Evangelical Church Federation.

In addition to his pastoral duties, he completed his habilitation in 1955 on “The history of interpretation of 1. Cor. 6.1-11. Waiver of Rights and Arbitration ”. In 1956 he contacted the World Council of Churches with a view to the meeting of the WCC central committee in Hungary. He wanted to point out the repression against Hungarian church representatives. The WCC hired him as a translator for the meeting. Soon afterwards he received his first official assignment as a tutor of the Graduate School in the Ecumenical Institute Bossey near Geneva. In 1960, at the suggestion of WCC general secretary Willem Adolf Visser't Hooft, he was elected as research secretary to the department of the World Council of Churches on Faith and Order.

In the service of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Geneva 1961–1979

Lukas Vischer's work began at the time of the 3rd Assembly of the World Council of Churches in New Delhi in 1961. It changed the ecumenical movement considerably: the International Mission Council and the WCC united, the Orthodox churches of Russia, Bulgaria, Romania and With their accession, Poland created an important Orthodox presence, several “young” churches from the southern continents expanded the international spectrum, and for the first time Roman Catholic observers took part in a general assembly.

The basic mandate of the Faith and Order Commission, in which Lukas Vischer was Research Secretary and Director from 1966, is as follows: “The Faith and Order Movement is an integral part of the World Council of Churches. Its aim has always been to 'proclaim the unity of the Church of Jesus Christ and to call the churches to the goal of visible unity'. This goal is primarily pursued with the help of study programs that deal with the theological questions that separate the churches from one another. ... The most important working method of Faith and Church Order is the convening of consultations around the world, in which questions that divide the Church are explored and examined ... The Secretariat for Faith and Order at the headquarters of the World Council of Churches in Geneva is responsible for organizing these consultations and publishing the results of the conference. "

Ecumenical Relations

Leuenberg Agreement - Church unions - Confessional world alliances

Soon after his arrival in Geneva, Lukas Vischer was asked to accompany the theological talks between Lutherans and Reformed at the European level that had been going on since 1955. The mutual condemnations of the past were declared as "no longer related to the current state of teaching". After ten years of work, the Leuenberg Agreement was approved in 1973 and ratified by the synods of the churches involved. In 2003 the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe (CPCE) emerged.

Advice on church union negotiations and the relationship with the confessional world alliances and their bilateral dialogues were also part of the remit of Faith and Church Order - the relationship with the world alliances in the endeavor to integrate their activities into the ecumenical movement.

Relations with Orthodox Churches

On behalf of the Ecumenical Council, Lukas Vischer maintained contacts with the Orthodox churches of Russia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Poland and Armenia as well as with the Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I. In later years the relationship with Patriarch Ilya II of Georgia became particularly important to him. The contacts with communist Eastern Europe included, among other things, a persistent advocacy of human rights and religious freedom . With regard to Russia, the cooperation with the representative of the Moscow Patriarchate in the WCC, the Russian Orthodox theologian Vitaly Borovoy, was particularly important. With him and other Orthodox colleagues, Lukas Vischer organized a dialogue between theologians of the Eastern and Eastern Orthodox tradition in 1964 in order to work towards overcoming the church division that has existed for 1500 years .

The Second Vatican Council and the relationship with the Roman Catholic Church

Lukas Vischer achieved international fame as the official observer of the World Council of Churches at the Second Vatican Council 1962–1965. The Roman Catholic Church opened up with the "Ecumenism Decree" for cooperation with other churches. In 1965 a "Joint Working Group" between the World Council of Churches and the Vatican began its work. Lukas Vischer was one of the two secretaries of this group until 1979. She dealt with questions related to the relationship between unity and authority, as well as catholicity and apostolicity in the Church, and produced annual materials for the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.

Ecumenical Meetings and Studies on Church Unity

Unity of all in every place

The 1961 WCC New Delhi assembly was of particular importance for its declaration of unity. She speaks of a “fully committed community” “of all in every place” who are united by baptism and the breaking of one bread , by professing Christ and, on the one hand, apostolic faith, by gospel and prayer and by living together, "Which addresses all in witness and service". At the same time they are "united with all of Christianity in all places and at all times in such a way that office and members are recognized by all and that all can act and speak together as the given situation requires with regard to the tasks, to whom God calls his people. ”How the implementation was done remained open.

Convinced that one could learn from the working methods of the early church councils in order to develop a “fully committed community” , Lukas Vischer suggested research work on the councils while still in New Delhi.

In 1962 a study group with strong Orthodox participation began its work. The New Delhi formula was further developed at the 4th World Conference on Faith and Order in Montreal in 1963 and at the Commission meeting in Aarhus in 1964.

Baptism - Eucharist / Last Supper - ministry and further studies

Work on ministry and sacraments has been on the agenda of Faith and the Order of the Church since the first World Conference in 1927. It was one of Lukas Vischer's tasks to continue it. The basic attitude of the Commission on Separation at the Lord's Supper is reflected in the report of the Unity Section in New Delhi in 1961: “Wherever existing convictions allow direct progress in the area of ​​communion between churches, it should be done without to wait for a consensus and joint action within the ecumenical movement . ”Also on the question of office the church traditions diverged widely; and yet there was a considerable theological approximation in the course of the study process. In order to facilitate the reception for the member churches, it was important to Lukas Vischer to carry out a broad consultation process. Shortly after his resignation from the WCC, the Declaration of Convergence on Baptism, the Lord's Supper and Ministry was adopted in Lima (1982).

Further studies in those years covered tradition and traditions, the authority of the Bible, the Council of Chalcedon and its significance for the ecumenical movement, worship today, the spirit , order and organization, and common witness and proselytism .

Unity of the Church - unity of humanity

Faced with humanity torn apart by racism, poverty, injustice, war and revolutionary violence, the Uppsala WCC assembly in 1968 developed the vision of the church as a sign of the coming unity of humanity. She described “Church unity” as “a truly universal, ecumenical, conciliar form of communal life and witness.” “Committed member churches of the World Council of Churches should work towards the time when a truly universal council again for all Christians can speak and show the way into the future. "

In 1971 - three years later - Lukas Vischer stated in the foreword to the report of the Conference on Faith and Church Constitution in Leuven: “The conference was ... especially important because the commission discussed the question of unity for the first time in a new context. It was clear to her that the unity of the church would not be called into question by denominational differences alone. Rather, the church has to prove the fellowship given to it in Christ in the controversies of today. How can it be a sign of Christ's presence today? This question can only be answered if the churches deal resolutely with the theological problems arising from the current situation, but above all if they try to give anew to account what is their raison d'être and what makes them the church . "

A comprehensive study “The Unity of the Church and the Unity of Humanity” developed this insight in the following years. For the study work, cooperation with other departments of the World Council of Churches was sought. Examples of this are studies on the role of the disabled and the fellowship of women and men in the Church.

With a view to global injustice, Lukas Vischer developed the concept for the development policy declaration of Bern (today Public Eye) with Max Geiger and André Biéler in 1968 . His public campaign against apartheid and for the anti-racism program of the World Council of Churches meant that he was expelled from the South African apartheid regime in 1974.

Interreligious questions were also now seen in the context of the unity of humanity. In 1968 Lukas Vischer organized the first Christian-Muslim dialogue within the framework of the WCC in Cartigny near Geneva. The churches "must ask themselves ... how God is present in the history of all humanity, in particular how the role of the various religions and ideologies in the context of God's history is to be understood."

Conciliar fellowship

At the 5th WCC assembly in Nairobi in 1975, the concept of “conciliar fellowship” became official: “One church is to be understood as a conciliar fellowship of local churches, which in turn are actually united. In this conciliar communion, each of the congregations, together with the others, has full catholicity ... "

The ecumenical movement has always valued not only witness and service but also prayer. The congregation therefore suggested encouraging intercession among churches and congregations around the world. Faith and Church Constitution created an “Ecumenical Intercession Calendar” in 1978.

An account of hope

In order to make “the confessional [confessional] figure of the search for unity visible”, Lukas Vischer initiated the study “Accountability for the hope that is in us” in 1971. Christians and church groups in many countries have participated in a process that has lasted for years with testimonies of their concrete hope. The resulting confession text was adopted in 1978 at the World Conference on Faith and Order in Bangalore. This study "set a milestone" in the history of the Commission, said WCC general secretary Emilio Castro in retrospect.

An outlook: In 1983 Lukas Vischer was no longer in the service of the World Council, but was heavily involved in the “conciliar process for justice, peace and the integrity of creation” launched at the 6th WCC assembly in Vancouver. He worked in the WCC climate group and continued to closely monitor the development of the WCC.

Evangelical Office for Ecumenism Switzerland and professorship in Bern 1980–1992

After Lukas Vischer left the WCC, an “Evangelical Office for Ecumenism Switzerland” was created, with its seat in the house of the Swiss Evangelical Church Federation in Bern. The management of the office and a newly established professorship for ecumenical theology at the University of Bern gave Vischer the opportunity to make his international ecumenical experiences fruitful for Switzerland.

For the Federation of Churches he wrote a statement on the convergence texts of the World Council of Churches on "Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry" and - on the occasion of the papal visit planned for 1981 - the memorandum "The Protestant Churches of Switzerland in the Ecumenical Movement". He founded an Orthodoxy working group and established bilateral relations between the Federation of Churches and the Orthodox Churches in Russia and Georgia, the China Christian Council and the Reformed Churches in South Korea. In 1988 he helped found the Swiss Association of Friends of Georgia. As a board member of the Swiss section of the "Action des Chrétiens pour l 'Abolition de la Torture" (ACAT) founded in 1981, he dealt with violations of human rights around the world.

A series of publications entitled “Texts from the Evangelical Office of Oekumene Switzerland” and newsletters from the office to the parish offices informed the Swiss parishes of the relevance of international assemblies and encouraged them to continue working. Lukas Vischer was a popular speaker and discussion partner for the media, parishes and church bodies in Switzerland.

With a view to the renewal of the Protestant churches in Switzerland, he was involved in the leadership of the grassroots movement “Swiss Evangelical Synod” from 1983 to 1987, which dealt with ecumenically relevant topics such as confession, the covenant for justice, peace and the preservation of creation, and the renewal of worship and being a Christian in a rich country.

As a professor of ecumenical theology at the University of Bern, he took up current issues in the ecumenical movement and sought collaboration with colleagues on issues such as aspects of an ecologically responsible lifestyle, unity of the Church in the New Testament, Israel and Palestine, and the presentation of church history in an ecumenical way Perspective. The project of an ecumenical church history in Switzerland emerged from a conference on this topic. The Karlsruhe theology professor Isa Breitmaier did her doctorate with him.

Reformed World Federation 1982–1989

At the General Assembly of the Reformed World Federation in Ottawa in 1982 Lukas Vischer was elected chairman of the Theological Department (the Reformed World Federation was then based in the Ecumenical Center in Geneva). Until the following General Assembly in Seoul in 1989, he focused on four topics: 1) the contribution of the World Reformed Federation to the conciliar process for justice, peace and the integrity of creation, 2) the commitment of the Reformed churches (study “Called to Witness to the Gospel Today ”), 3) Mission and Unity, and 4) Reformed Worship. In addition, he promoted bilateral dialogues with other evangelical world alliances as well as the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodoxy. His simultaneous involvement as moderator of the program commission of the Center International Réformé John Knox in Geneva (1982–2008) enabled him to use this center as a location for international meetings of the Reformed World Federation and to publish the results in a series of publications "John Knox Series" publish.

The ecological responsibility of the churches

Lukas Vischer had already been involved in two forums of the Working Group of Christian Churches in Switzerland for a “new lifestyle” between 1975 and 1978. Since the 1980s, he has been a driving force on many levels for the “conciliar process of mutual commitment for justice, peace and the integrity of creation”. This process was launched at the General Assembly of the World Reformed Alliance in Ottawa in 1982. The World Council of Churches took up the impetus at the 1983 assembly in Vancouver and in 1990 convened the Seoul World Convocation for this purpose. Lukas Vischer also played a key role in the 1st European Ecumenical Assembly in Basel in 1989 and in the 2nd European Ecumenical Assembly in Graz in 1997.

Concern for the preservation of God's creation and solidarity with the victims of global warming received little attention in the churches compared to the human-centered issues of peace and justice. That is why he put the focus of his personal work on the theology of creation and the ecological responsibility of the churches. With the support of the Swiss Evangelical Synod, the OekU Church and Environment was founded in 1986. He also helped build the WCC's climate change program. At the 2nd European Ecumenical Assembly in Graz in 1997 he was involved with a group for the proposal to create a separate structure for the ecological witness of the churches at European level. In 1998 the European Christian Environmental Network ECEN was founded. In addition to other ecological measures, ECEN propagates the introduction of a creation time in the church year from September 1st to October 4th.

Last projects: Témoigner ensemble à Genève and Calvin Jubilee

In an effort to strengthen unity at the local level, and with the support of the Center John Knox, Lukas Vischer initiated the movement “Témoigner Ensemble à Genève” (Witness the Faith Together - in Geneva). In this movement, over 60 immigrant communities are linked to the Reformed communities in Geneva. The first public meeting of this movement on May 20, 2007 brought about 3000 people together for a festival in front of St. Pierre Cathedral.

With a view to Calvin's jubilee in 2009, he was committed - now at the age of eighty - at local, national and international level for a depiction of the Geneva reformer that is not historical, but relevant for the current situation. His written contributions on Calvin's view of the unity of the church, social justice, careful handling of God's creation and the holiness of life in times of armed conflict were published shortly after his death under the title "The legacy of John Calvin - food for thought and suggestions for action for the church in the 21st century . Century ”published jointly by the Reformed World Federation and the Center John Knox.

Lukas Vischer died on March 11, 2008 in Geneva. He was buried in the cemetery of Soglio / Graubünden.

Honors

Honorary doctorates : 1969 Charles University in Prague - 1977 University of Friborg - 1995 Reformed Theological University of Debrecen - 2000 Reformed Gáspár-Károli University of Budapest - 2007 University of Geneva

1980 Science Prize from the City of Basel

Fonts in selection

  • Basil the Great. Investigations into a fourth century church father. (Diss.), Basel 1953.
  • The interpretation history of 1 Cor. 6.1-11. Waiver of Rights and Arbitration. (Habil.), Tübingen 1955.
  • Ecumenical sketches. Twelve articles, Frankfurt am Main 1972
  • Johannes Feiner / Lukas Vischer (ed.): New Faith Book. The common Christian faith, Freiburg i.Br. 1973.
  • Change of the world - conversion of the churches. Food for thought of the Fifth General Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Nairobi, Frankfurt am Main 1976, 83-106.
  • Intercession, Frankfurt am Main 1979.
  • The secret yes. Words for Sunday, Zurich 1987.
  • Karin Bredull Gerschwiler / Andreas Karrer / Christian Link / Jan Milic Lochman / Heinz Rüegger (eds.): Witness God's covenant together. Essays on topics of the ecumenical movement, Göttingen 1992.
  • Lukas Vischer / Lukas Schenker / Rudolf Dellsperger (eds.): Ecumenical Church History of Switzerland, Freiburg (Switzerland) / Basel 1994.
  • Work in crisis. Theological Orientations, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1996.
  • Jean Jacques Bauswein / Lukas Vischer (ed.), The Reformed Family Worldwide: A Survey of Reformed Churches, Theological Schools, and International Organizations, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, UK, 1999.
  • Responsible Society? On sustainability, solidarity and human rights, Neukirchen-Vluyn 2001.
  • The convergence texts on baptism, communion and ministry, how did they come about? What did they bring ?, in: Internationale Kirchliche Zeitschrift, Vol. 92, July / September 2002/3, pp. 139–178.
  • Lukas Vischer (ed.), Listening to Creation Groaning: Report and Papers from a Consultation on Creation Theology organized by the European Christian Environmental Network (ECEN) at the John Knox International Reformed Center from March 28 to April 1st 2004, Geneva: Center International Réformé John Knox, 2004.
  • The Legacy of John Calvin. Some actions for the Church in the 21st Century, World Alliance of Reformed Churches (ed.), Geneva 2008.
  • Tamara Grdzelidze / Martin George / Lukas Vischer (ed.), Witness through Troubled Times: A History of the Orthodox Church of Georgia, 1811 to the Present, London 2006.
  • Lukas Vischer / Christian Link / Ulrich Luz (ed.): Ecumenism in the New Testament and today, Göttingen 2009.

About Lukas Vischer

  • Andreas Karrer: Lukas Vischer (* 1926), in: Stephan Leimgruber / Max Schoch (ed.): Against God forgetting. Swiss theologians in the 19th and 20th centuries, Basel 1990, 521-538.
  • Karin Bredull Gerschwiler / Andreas Karrer / Christian Link / Jan Milic Lochman / Heinz Rüegger (eds.): Ecumenical Theology in the Challenges of the Present. Lukas Vischer on his 65th birthday, Göttingen 1991.
  • Geiko Müller-Fahrenholz: A prophetic witness. On the 75th birthday of Lukas Vischer, Evangelische Theologie Jg. 72, 2002/2, 123-136.
  • Michael Quisinsky: Ecumenical Perspectives on Council and Conciliarity. Lukas Vischer and the vision of a "universal council", in: Catholica. Quarterly journal for ecumenical theology 66th volume 4 2012, 241-253.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Andreas Karrer: Lukas Vischer (* 1926), in: Stephan Leimgruber / Max Schoch (ed.): Against God forgetting. Swiss theologians in the 19th and 20th centuries, Basel 1990, p. 522 ff.
  2. ↑ Lukas Vischer: A look back at eight decades, 2006, 30-33 (unpublished)
  3. ↑ http://www.oikoumene.org/de/was-wir-tun/faith-and-order
  4. ^ André Birmelé in: Karin Bredull Gerschwiler / Andreas Karrer / Christian Link / Jan Milic Lochman / Heinz Rüegger (eds.): Ecumenical theology in the challenges of the present. Lukas Vischer on his 65th birthday, Göttingen 1991, p. 225.
  5. ↑ Willem A. Visser't Hooft (ed.): New Delhi 1961. Documentary report on the third assembly of the World Council of Churches, Geneva 1962, 145-148.
  6. ^ Emilio Castro in: Karin Bredull Gerschwiler / Andreas Karrer / Christian Link / Jan Milic Lochman / Heinz Rüegger (eds.): Ecumenical theology in the challenges of the present. Lukas Vischer on his 65th birthday, Göttingen 1991, pp. 14–15.
  7. ^ Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee 1966 Zagorsk, World Council of Churches (ed.), Geneva 1967, p. 17.
  8. ^ "Vischer, Lukas" in: Dictionary of the Ecumenical Movement, 2nd Edition, World Council of Churches (ed.), Geneva 2002, p. 1195.
  9. ↑ Lukas Vischer in: New Directions in Faith and Order, Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee 1967 Bristol, World Council of Churches (ed.), Geneva 1967, pp. 123-124.
  10. ^ WA Visser't Hooft (ed.): New Delhi 1961. Documentary report on the third plenary assembly of the World Council of Churches, Stuttgart 1962, p. 130.
  11. ↑ WA Visser't Hooft (ed.): New Delhi 1961. Documentary report on the third plenary assembly of the World Council of Churches, Stuttgart 1962, p. 147
  12. ↑ Lukas Vischer: A look back at eight decades, 2006 (unpublished), p. 38.
  13. ^ Minutes of the Faith and Order Working Committee 1962 Paris, p. 8.
  14. ↑ Willem A. Visser't Hooft (ed.): New Delhi 1961. Documentary report on the third assembly of the World Council of Churches, Geneva 1962, 143.
  15. ^ Lima Declaration
  16. ↑ Konrad Raiser (ed.): Löwen 1971. Study reports and documents of the Commission for Faith and Church Constitution, supplement to the Ecumenical Review 18/19, Stuttgart 1971, pp. 3-4.
  17. ^ Walter Müller-Römheld (ed.): Report from Uppsala 1968, Geneva 1968, p. 14.
  18. ↑ Konrad Raiser (ed.): Löwen 1971. Study reports and documents of the Commission for Faith and Church Constitution, supplement to the Ecumenical Review 18/19, Stuttgart 1971, p. 6.
  19. ↑ Konrad Raiser (ed.): Löwen 1971. Study reports and documents of the Commission for Faith and Church Constitution, supplement to the Ecumenical Review 18/19, Stuttgart 1971, 202-203.
  20. ↑ Lukas Vischer, in: New Directions in Faith and Order, Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee 1967 Bristol, World Council of Churches (ed.), Geneva 1967, p. 118.
  21. ↑ Geiko Müller-Fahrenholz (ed.): Unity in the world of today, Frankfurt / M. 1978
  22. ↑ Geiko Müller-Fahrenholz (ed.): We need each other. Disabled people in church responsibility, Frankfurt / M. 1979; Constance Parvey (ed.): The fellowship of women and men in the church. A report of the consultation of the WCC in Sheffield 1981, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1985.
  23. ↑ Lukas Vischer: A Review of Eight Decades, 2006, pp. 114–124 (unpublished).
  24. ^ Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee 1969 Canterbury, World Council of Churches (ed.), Geneva 1969, 21-23.
  25. ↑ Lukas Vischer: Change of the world - conversion of the churches. Food for thought from the Fifth General Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Nairobi, Frankfurt 1976, pp. 43–44.
  26. ↑ Hanfried Krüger / Walter Müller-Römheld (eds.): Report from Nairobi 1975. Official report of the fifth assembly of the WCC, Frankfurt 1976, 26. Lukas Vischer: Change of the world - conversion of the churches. Food for thought from the Fifth General Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Nairobi, Frankfurt a. M. 1976, pp. 83-106.
  27. ↑ Ecumenical Intercession Calendar. For God's people on earth, Ecumenical Council of Churches (ed.), Frankfurt / M. 1979, 2008 published in 3rd extended edition.
  28. ↑ Preface: Karin Bredull Gerschwiler / Andreas Karrer / Christian Link / Jan Milic Lochman / Heinz Rüegger (ed.): Ecumenical Theology in the challenges of the present. Lukas Vischer on his 65th birthday, Göttingen 1991, p. 11.
  29. ^ Walter Müller-Römheld (ed.): Report from Vancouver 83. Frankfurt / M. 1983, p. 261.
  30. ↑ Lukas Vischer: On the future of the World Council of Churches, in: Karin Bredull Gerschwiler / Andreas Karrer / Christian Link / Jan Milic Lochman / Heinz Rüegger (eds.): God's covenant together testify. Essays on topics of the ecumenical movement, Göttingen 1992, pp. 179–214.
  31. ↑ http://www.freunde-georgiens.ch
  32. ↑ http://www.acat.ch
  33. ↑ The worker's estate and all annual reports are in the Swiss Federal Archives in Bern, call number J2.257 # 11.01.02
  34. ^ Lecture directories of the Theological Faculty in Bern
  35. ^ Lukas Vischer / Christian Link / Ulrich Luz (eds.): Ecumenism in the New Testament and today, Göttingen 2009
  36. ↑ Lukas Vischer / Lukas Schenker / Rudolf Dellsperger (eds.): Ecumenical Church History of Switzerland, Freiburg (Switzerland) / Basel 1994.
  37. ↑ http://www.johnknox.ch/programme/livres .
  38. ↑ Swiss Federal Archives J2.257 # 2006/85 # 90 *.
  39. ↑ http://www.oeku.ch
  40. ↑ http://www.ecen.org
  41. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUv0Fn_a12Y .
  42. ↑ http://www.lukasvischer.unibe.ch/pdf/2008_vermaechtnis_calvins.pdf
  43. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oikoumene.org
personal data
SURNAME Vischer, Lukas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Reformed theologian and ecumenist
DATE OF BIRTH November 23, 1926
PLACE OF BIRTH Basel
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 2008
Place of death Geneva