Lví důl
| Lví důl Löwengrund |
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 View into the Löwengrund |
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| location | Královéhradecký kraj in the Czech Republic | |
| Waters | Jeleni potok | |
| Mountains | Giant Mountains | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 43 '14 " N , 15 ° 46' 18" E | |
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| height | 780 to 1480 m | |
| length | 6.2 km | |
Lví důl is the Czech name for a valley in the central Giant Mountains . During the long period of settlement by German-speaking foresters and miners, the name "Löwengrund" was in use. This place name, which is somewhat strange for the area, goes back to the “Silberlöwe” mine, which was first mentioned in 1609 by a forest official.
location
The Kerbtal begins near the source of the Jelení potok (translated: Hirschbach , German: Löwenbach ) on the eastern slope of the Schneekoppe ( Śnieżka in Polish , Sněžka in Czech , 1603 m) almost 200 meters below its summit on Czech territory. Bounded in the north by the giant ridge and in the south by the Mittelberg ( Prostřední hora ), the mountain stream initially flows to the east and cuts deeply into the surrounding terrain over a short distance. After about a kilometer, it turns in a sharp bend to the south-east and passes the two waterfalls Jelení kaskáda and Jeřábový vodopád . The general south-easterly direction keep the stream and valley for the next 3¾ kilometers and run between the Schneekoppen foothills Růžová hora ( Rosenberg , 1396 m) in the west and the elongated mountain ridge Jelení hora ( Lion Mountain , 1171 m), the foothill of the Black Koppe (pl: Czarna Kopa , cs: Svorová hora , 1407 m) in the east. In another bend, the course of the trench changes again and now moves east again, because the path to the south is blocked by the Pinkenberg (cs: Pěnkavčí vrch , 1105 m). After a little more than a kilometer, the Löwengrund ends at a place called "Spálený Mlýn" (translated: burned down mill , formerly Mohornmühle ) at the confluence of the Löwenbach in the Kleine Aupa (cs: Malá Úpa ). Together with the valley of the Little Aupa, the Löwengrund forms the easternmost of the large valleys between the southern branch ridges of the Giant Mountains, which are called "Krkonošské rozsochy" in Czech and "Grzbiety południowe" in Polish.
Hydrology
The catchment area of the Löwenbach including the side valleys along the western slope is approx. 10.5 km². The first major tributary is the Koulová strouha in earlier ball ditch valley called between the central mountains and the mountain Koule (de: balls ). In the next side valley, the Slunný důl (de: sun or cross ditch ) under the Rennerkoppe (cs: Rennerova hora ) flows the Křížový potok , which bore the German name Kreuzbach . The Messnergrund (cs: Messnerův důl ) is the southernmost side valley of the Löwengrund. It lies under the southern slope of the Rennerkoppe and is home to the largest tributary, the Messnerbach (cs: Messnerova strouha ). The eastern slope of the Lví důl is hardly rugged and the only noteworthy tributary at the former Wassabaude is the short moat "Vasova strouha", which is only noticeable in the landscape as a sharp indentation. Although accurate measurements are not available, the mean discharge volume at the mouth can be estimated at 0.3-0.4 cubic meters per second.
Tourism and nature protection
The Löwengrund is one of the least known and least visited places in the Giant Mountains. The beautiful valley is practically undeveloped for tourism, which is perhaps the intention, because the whole valley, its slopes and side valleys are located in the National Park of the Czech Giant Mountains Krkonošský národní park (KRNAP). Although the K25 cycle route is on an asphalt road, there is no further signage. A hiking trail from Spálený Mlýn to Ober Kleinaupa ( Horní Malá Úpa ) and to the border buildings ( Pomezní Boudy ) was briefly signposted, but this was soon reversed.
The very scenic Bischof-Doubrava-Steig (cs: Chodník biskupa Doubravy ), which bears the name of the former Bishop of Königgrätz Josef Doubrava (1852–1921), can be seen apart from the likeness of the clergyman on a wayside shrine that is at the beginning of the Set up on the way is not marked. The bishop was one of the first tourists in the 19th century and hiked the ridges of the Giant Mountains in bishop's robe. The path turns off the road to the right on an inconspicuous steep path and leads to today's mountain hut “Schronisko Jelenka”, the former “Emmaquellenbaude” and on to the Owl Pass . The construction of the path was commissioned by Countess Aloisia von Czernin-Morzin in 1885 and was long known as the “Front Lion Path” (cs: Přední Lví cesta ).
history
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In the 16th century, the original jungle was cut down in the entire valley. This was done at the instigation of the highest Bohemian mining captain , Christoph von Gendorf , who was also the owner of the middle and administrator of the eastern Giant Mountains. For this purpose he recruited foresters from the Alpine countries and thus contributed to the settlement of the mountains. Three years after the captain's death, the first lumberjacks came with their families in 1566. First so-called Klausen , small weir systems for rafting tree trunks, were created. At that time the Messnerklause was built on the Messnerbach and the larger Löwenklause on the Löwenbach. A total of six Klausen were operated in Kleinaupa and soon almost the entire old stock was cleared. A large part of the wood was used to supply the silver mines in Kuttenberg with mine wood . The more wood was right at the place in kilns to charcoal processed on Kraxen mostly to the ironworks in the Silesian Schmiedeberg was born.
Also in the second third of the 16th century one began to mine the ore deposits in digging , i. H. explored near the surface. At that time, however, the deposits in the Riesengrund (cs: Obří důl ) seem to have been even more productive. It was not until 1735 that ore mining was relocated here. Modest remains of old pits have been preserved in the Dolský-Bauden enclave and remains of ore mining from the beginning of the 20th century can be seen at the end of the Löwengrund. The most important raw material from the Löwengrund has always been wood. In the western part of the Löwengrund, on the Mittelberg, on the Kugel and the Rennerkoppe, along the Messnerbach, above the Dolský-Bauden and other places, circular outlines of former coal piles can be seen. Although the descendants of the woodcutters later lived mainly from agriculture and livestock farming, the woodcutting trade did not die out here for 400 years.
The last large timber harvest on the lower course of the Löwenbach came in the Second World War by French and probably Soviet prisoners of war. They were interned in a labor camp, which stood on the site of today's timber camp near the mouth of the Löwenbach and was surrounded by a wire barn. To forced labor, the prisoners laid a nearly 575-meter-long mountain climbing in traditional fall paving on which the tree stands in the Wiesenenklave Simmaberg accessible on the southern slope of the lion mountain. There the so-called Franzosenweg ends suddenly in the middle of the forest.
After the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II, disappeared wastelands foliage schedule, brown and Kugler Bungalows. Simmaberg was renamed "Šímovy chalupy", the neighboring settlement Nikelsberg was named "Niklův vrch". In an effort to erase any memory of the time of German settlement, the Löwenbach was also given its current name with “Jeleni potok”.
Between 1976 and 1982, after some controversy, the construction of the paved road was completed. It leads from Malá Úpa to Šímovy chalupy and further around Niklův vrch to Horní Malá Úpa.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b VESELÝ VÝLET, edition 32, summer 2015. Accessed on February 16, 2018 . PDF (2.3 MB)
- ↑ Jelenĺ důl - údolí ve znamení jelena nebo lva? Retrieved February 16, 2018 . (Czech)
- ↑ History small Aupas. Retrieved February 16, 2018 .
- ↑ VESELÝ VÝLET, issue 28, summer 2007. Accessed on February 16, 2018 . PDF (2.3 MB)