Manuel Maurozomes

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Manuel Komnenos Maurozomes ( Middle Greek Μανουήλ Κομνηνός Μαυροζώμης ; † around 1230) was a Byzantine aristocrat and separatist in Asia Minor after the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade . He was the father-in-law of the Seljuq sultan Kai Chosrau I.

Life

Manuel was probably a son of Mesazon and Archon of Monemvasia Theodoros Maurozomes , who in 1176 had participated as general in the battle of Myriokephalon , which was devastating for Byzantium . Through his mother, an illegitimate daughter of Emperor Manuel I , he belonged to the ruling family of the Comnenes .

When the deposed Sultan Kai Chosrau I went into exile in Constantinople around 1200 , Manuel Maurozomes , according to the Seljuk chronicler İbn Bîbî , had the high court dignity of an emperor . Kai Chosrau settled under the sponsorship of Emperor Alexios III. baptized and married Maurozomes' daughter.

Just like Alexios III. Manuel Maurozomes and his son-in-law also fled the Crusaders in July 1203. After the fall of Constantinople and the death of Kai Chosraus brother Suleiman II. (1204) Kai Chosrau returned to Iconium with Maurozomes , sat his nephew Kılıç Arslan III. and reigned as sultan from 1205.

With the support of the Seljuks, Maurozomes tried to establish himself as ruler in the Meander Valley in Phrygia . This called the Byzantine government in exile of Nikaia , led by Theodor Laskaris , on the scene, which inflicted a decisive defeat on Maurozomes' Turkish troops in the summer of 1205. Kai Chosrau made an agreement with Theodor in spring 1206 to give his father-in-law a domain in the Upper Meander Valley with the wealthy cities of Chonai and Laodikeia .

Manuel Maurozomes, who remained a Seljuk vassal until his death , played an influential role as Emir Komnenos in the ruling apparatus of the sultanate. In 1220 he ensured the succession of his grandson Kai Kobad I to the throne and also took part in the campaigns against the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia . His descendants, who kept their Christian faith , were present at the Seljuk court until the end of the 13th century.

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literature

  • Michael Angold: A Byzantine Government in Exile. Government and Society under the Laskarids of Nicaea, 1204-1261 . Oxford University Press, London 1975, ISBN 0-19-821854-0 , pp. 13, 61, 100.
  • Yusuf Ayönü: Batı Anadolu'da Bizanslı Yerel Hâkimlerin Bağımsızlık Hareketleri (XII. Yüzyılın Sonları ve XIII. Yüzyılın Başlarında). Independence Movements of the Local Byzantine Governors in the Western Anatolia (during the last period of the 12th century and the first decade of the 13th century). In: Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 42, 2007, ISSN  1015-1826 , pp. 141–154 ( PDF file; 2.6 MB ), here: pp. 144–147.
  • Κωνσταντίνος Βαρζός: Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών. Τόμος Α ' (= Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται. Τ. 20α , ISSN  1106-6180 ). Κέντρο Βυζαντινών Ερευνών - ΑΠΘ, Θεσσαλονίκη 1984.
  • Charles M. Brand: The Turkish Element in Byzantium, Eleventh-Twelfth Centuries. In: Dumbarton Oaks Papers. Vol. 43, 1989, pp. 1–25 ( PDF file; 5.0 MB ), here: p. 12.
  • Claude Cahen : Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History c. 1071-1330. American Council of Learned Societies, New York 2014, ISBN 978-1-59740-456-3 .
  • Jean-Claude Cheynet: Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (= Publications de la Sorbonne. Series Byzantina Sorbonensia. Vol. 9). Reimpression. Publications de la Sorbonne Center de Recherches d'Histoire et de Civilization Byzantines, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-85944-168-5 , pp. 146-147 No. 208.
  • Jan-Louis van Dieten: Niketas Choniates. Explanations of the speeches and letters together with a biography (= Supplementa Byzantina. Vol. 2). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York NY 1971, ISBN 3-11-002290-7 , pp. 17, 143-144, 155.
  • Franz Dölger : Regest of the imperial documents of the Eastern Roman Empire from 565-1453. Part 3, Volume 3: Regesten from 1204–1282 (= corpus of Greek documents from the Middle Ages and modern times. Row A: Regesten. Dept. 1, Part 3, Vol. 3). 2nd edition revised by Peter Wirth . CH Beck, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-406-00738-4 .
  • Michael F. Hendy: Catalog of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection . Vol. 4: Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081-1261 , Part 2: The Emperors of Nicaea and Their Contemporaries (1204-1261) . Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington DC 1999, ISBN 0-88402-233-1 , pp. 448, 451.
  • Haris A. Kalligas: Monemvasia: A Byzantine City State. Routledge, London / New York NY 2010, ISBN 978-0-415-24880-8 .
  • Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . Oxford University Press, New York NY 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 , pp. 1319-1320.
  • Dimitri Korobeinikov: A sultan in Constantinople: the feasts of Ghiyath al-Din Kay-Khusraw I . In: Leslie Brubaker, Kalliroe Linardou (eds.): Eat, Drink, and be Merry (Luke 12:19): Food and Wine in Byzantium. Papers of the 37th Annual Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, in Honor of Professor AAM Bryer (= Publications of the Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies [Great Britain]. Vol. 13). Ashgate, Aldershot 2007, ISBN 978-0-7546-6119-1 , pp. 93-108.
  • Dimitri Korobeinikov: Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-870826-1 , pp. 56-57, 68-69, 137-147 and passim .
  • Alexis GC Savvides: Byzantium in the Near East: Its Relations with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in Asia Minor, the Armenians of Cilicia and the Mongols, AD c. 1192-1237. (= Βυζαντινά Κείμενα και Μελέται. Τ. 17 , ISSN  1106-6180 ). Κέντρο Βυζαντινών Ερευνών - ΑΠΘ, Θεσσαλονίκη 1981, pp. 59, 62-63.
  • Alexis GC Savvides: Internal Strife and Unrest in Later Byzantium, XIth – XIIIth Centuries (AD 1025–1261). The Case of Urban and Provincial Insurrections (Causes and Effects). In: Σύμμεικτα ΚΒΕ / ΕΙΕ. Vol. 7, 1987, ISSN  1105-1639 , pp. 237-273, here: p. 272.
  • Αλέξης Γ. Κ. Σαββίδης: Βυζαντινά στασιαστικά και αυτονομιστικά κινήματα στα Δωδεκάνησα και τη Μικρά Ασία , 1189-1240 μ.Χ .: Συμβολή στη μελέτη της υστεροβυζαντινής προσωπογραφίας και τοπογραφίας την εποχή των Αγγέλων , των Λασκαρίδων της Νίκαιας και των Μεγαλοκομνηνών του Πόντου . Δόμος, Αθήνα 1987, chap. 5, pp. 231-245.
  • Alicia Simpson: Niketas Choniates. A Historiographical Study. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-967071-0 , pp. 77, 143, 312.
  • Sara Nur Yıldız: Manuel Komnenos Mavrozomes and his descendants at the Seljuk court: the formation of a Christian Seljuk-Komnenian elite. In: Stefan Leder (Hrsg.): Crossroads between Latin Europe and the Near East: corollaries of the Frankish presence in the Eastern Mediterranean (12th – 14th centuries) (= Istanbul Texts and Studies. Vol. 24). Ergon, Würzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-89913-846-7 , pp. 55-77.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Kalligas, Monemvasia , p. 24 f.
  2. ↑ Cf. Βαρζός, Γενεαλογία , pp. 473-475 FN 189.
  3. ↑ See ODB , p. 1320.
  4. ↑ Cf. Dölger, Regesten , p. 2 No. 1668b.
  5. ↑ See Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey , pp. 116, 120.
  6. ↑ A Johannes Komnenos Maurozomes (presumably Manuel's son) and his son Isaak Johannes and grandson Michael are mentioned on a grave inscription which is dated to 1297. See Korobeinikov, Byzantium and the Turks , p. 145.
personal data
SURNAME Manuel Maurozomes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Manuel Komnenos Maurozomes (full name); Μανουήλ Κομνηνός Μαυροζώμης (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine aristocrat and rebel against Emperor Theodor I. Laskaris, father-in-law of the Seljuq sultan Kai Chosrau I.
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH around 1230