Swindles
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Collared Schwindling ( Marasmius rotula ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Marasmius | ||||||||||||
| Fr. (nom. Cons.) |
The marasmius ( Marasmius ) are a fungal genus saprob living leaves fungi from the family of Schwindling relatives who mainly small and dünnfleischige fruiting bodies are formed.
The type species is the collar swindler ( M. rotula ).
features
Macroscopic features
The genus Schwindlinge usually includes small, more rarely medium-sized agaric mushrooms with a central stem. The genus is characterized by the fact that the fruiting bodies shrink when it is dry and can come back to life when it is damp, as the German name of the genus indicates. The lamellas can be reduced, some species form a collar . The spore powder is white.
Microscopic features
The spores are smooth, colorless and inamyloid . Usually cystides are present. The hyphae usually have buckles .
ecology
The swindles are saprobionts that live in special locations in the litter of the soil or as wood decomposers. Some species of vertigo are very specialized in a substrate, the holly vertigo ( Marasmius hudsonii ) only occurs on fallen leaves of the holly , the ivy vertigo ( Marasmius ephylloides ) colonizes only ivy leaves .
species
The genus includes around 350 species worldwide. There are around 50 species and varieties in Europe or can be expected there:
| Swindles ( Marasmius ) in Europe |
Side shoot swindling
Marasmius bulliardii
Horn-stalked swindler
Marasmius cohaerens
Carnation Swindling
Marasmius oreades
Collared Schwindling
Marasmius rotula
Violet vertigo
Marasmius wynneae
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Systematics
Some species that used to be considered swindles have now been placed in other genera on the basis of phylogenetic studies. It turned out that they are only distantly related and need to be placed in the Omphalotaceae family . These include, for example, smelling of garlic species such as the Long-stemmed ( Mycetinis alliaceus ) and the True garlic Schwindling ( Mycetinis scorodonius ), as well as some small species like the needle Stinkschwindling ( Paragymnopus perforans ) and horsehair Schwindling ( Gymnopus androsaceus ).
meaning
Due to their size, only a few swindles, such as the carnation swindling ( Marasmius oreades ), are considered edible mushrooms. The carnation swindler is sometimes considered a harmful fungus because of the formation of witch rings and discoloration in ornamental lawns.
swell
literature
- Svengunnar Ryman, Ingmar Holmåsen: Mushrooms: over 1,500 mushroom species described in detail and photographed in their natural surroundings . Bernhard Thalacker Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-87815-043-1 .
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 3: Bolete and agaric mushrooms. Part 1: Strobilomycetaceae and Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiacea, Hygrophoracea, Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae (lamellar). Mykologia, Luzern 1991, ISBN 3-85604-030-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter, Harald Zühlsdorf: The genus Marasmius . (No longer available online.) In: Fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. February 20, 2011, formerly in the original ; accessed on August 17, 2012 (including update no.93). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Henning Knudsen, Jan Vesterholt: Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera . Nordsvamp, Copenhagen 2008, ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0 (965 pages; revision of Nordic Macromycetes vol. 2, numerous micro-sketches, incl. CD “MycoKey 3.1”).
