Bruehlfur

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»Brühlpelz« VEB Leipziger Rauchwarenindustrie

logo
legal form publicly-owned business
founding 1966
resolution around 1990
Reason for dissolution Liquidation after German reunification
Seat Leipzig , Germany
Number of employees 1450 (before 1989)
Branch Fur production, fur trade

In 1966 the following GDR companies were grouped under the new name » Brühlpelz « VEB Leipziger Rauchwarenindustrie : VEB Stadtpelz , VEB Edelpelz , VEB Sachsenpelz , VEB Pelzkonfektion Schkeuditz , and Adolf Arnhold KG Naunhof . This association was in turn united in the combination of artificial leather and fur processing with VEB Sachsenpelz Naunhof , VEB Edelpelz Schkeuditz , VEB Pelzhandel am Brühl and VEB Brühlpelz Leipzig as well as other companies in the fur industry.

The Brühl , one of the oldest streets in Leipzig, was once the most important street in the city due to the fur trade carried out there and the companies located there its main taxpayer. Its global significance lost after 1933 under the rule of the National Socialists with the expulsion of the Jews and finally through the Second World War and the division of Germany. After the war, most of the companies migrated from the communist part of Germany to capitalist West Germany for economic reasons. In Frankfurt am Main, the new fur trading center Niddastraße was built , which for decades was still called "Brühl" in the fur industry .

Fur dressing and dyeing shops had settled around Leipzig as support workers , which had remained largely undamaged during the war. These continued their operations, soon mostly nationalized. Hardly any entrepreneur succeeded in transferring his partly large machines and equipment to the Federal Republic. In addition, there were a large number of furriers and producers of semi-finished fur products ( fur boards) in the eastern part of Germany . The traders who remained in Leipzig gathered in the side streets of Brühl, which was destroyed by the war, so that the most important group of companies in the fur industry in the GDR continued to exist in the Leipzig area.

In 1960, the first Leipzig tobacco auction took place after the Second World War, from 1968 to 1980 in the Brühlzentrum, then no longer in the Oelßner Hof there but on the agra site of agra (Markkleeberg) , the exhibition and event site of the former agricultural exhibition in Markkleeberg . With that, the last reference to the former fur center disappeared.

In 1995, five years after reunification , there was no fur trader or furrier at Leipzig's Brühl anymore, according to a newspaper report in Leipzig. The state-owned and cooperative operations as well as the purchasing and delivery cooperative (ELG) had previously been liquidated or dissolved.

»Brühlpelz« VEB Leipziger Rauchwarenindustrie

VEB Rauchwarenkombinat Leipzig (woven label)

The VEB Rauchwarenkombinat Leipzig , formed on January 1st, 1961, from 1966 »Brühlpelz« VEB Leipziger Rauchwarenindustrie , was initially headed by Joachim Kistner for many years . The structure of the merger goes back to a decision made in 1982, with which the individual responsibility of the companies should be strengthened. The combine was responsible for dressing and finishing, semi-confection and fur confection. Before 1989 it had 1,450 employees and processed 5.5 million skins annually. Most of it was ultimately exported to procure foreign currency, the majority to the Federal Republic. After reunification, in October 1990, the Leipzig furriers complained in an open letter to the mayor, mainly because of the increasing competition between West German clothing manufacturers with cheap Asian goods: "[...] that especially their medium-sized development is more lucrative for the tax authorities in the long term: through income from corporate and trade tax, wage and income tax and sales tax. Purchasing power would come into the city, the already rampant unemployment - at Brühlpelz z. B. - would be stopped ”.

VEB Sachsenpelz Naunhof

Exhibition stand of the VEB tobacco goods finishing and dyeing works Naunhof (1951)

The so-called state-owned company VEB Sachsenpelz Naunhof was created in 1946 from the Lohse Rauchwarenfärberei und -zurichterei GmbH , founded in 1932 in Markranstädt , which had moved its headquarters to Naunhof in 1933. Despite the shortage of materials, 326 people were employed here again in the early 1990s. The best-known Naunhofer product was sheepskin sheets for protective car covers. In addition to lambskin and Persians , the local skins and hides of goats, kid, wild boar, deer and stag were used.

VEB Edelpelz Leipzig-Schkeuditz

Mink coat from GDR production (1954)
Lettering noble FUR
VEB precious fur Leipzig-Schkeuditz

The VEB Edelpelz Schkeuditz in Angerstrasse goes back to the company Theodor Thorer , which was continued in West Germany and whose headquarters had already been converted into a state-owned company in 1946. 1952 the VEB Edelpelz Leipzig-Schkeuditz, the former companies Müller and Gründling in Schkeuditz as well as the Wahrener factory of the company Thorer were attached. In 1989 the company employed around 500 people. The raw materials were purchased, prepared, dyed, semi-finished goods and ready-made parts were produced independently. The capacity was 2.8 million skins after restructuring that year.

The following was specified as characteristic of this company:

1. Finishing and dyeing of noble fur takes place in the GDR area exclusively in the VEB Edelpelz .
2. The company continues the world-famous tradition of the Leipzig area in rabbit finishing.
3. Good Leipzig tradition is also expressed in versatility; Furs from farms and the wild are roughly 50:50 (excluding rabbit fur ).

In 1988 around 100,000 cat skins were trimmed, most of which were made into cat bandages as so-called "rheumatic cats". However, first-class furrier assortments of house cat skins in varieties such as Müller cat fetched higher prices for a short time than mink skins of average quality.

VEB Pelzhandel am Brühl

The VEB fur trade at Brühl with the Department VEB fur accessories supplied to 1989, a total of 400 relevant enterprises of the GDR with processed skins and fur accessories , including the Leipzig space 106 private furrier and two powerful production cooperatives.

VEB city fur

Sheepskin hat, made in Schkeuditz in Plant II of VEB Stadtpelz

One of the predecessors of VEB Brühlpelz is VEB Stadtpelz , founded in 1951 in Leipziger Ritterstrasse , with 16 employees and managed by Heinz Kühn . In Brandenburger Strasse since 1956, he had around 500 employees. It was the leading fur clothing company in the GDR.

In 1989 he brought out around 280 different models a year in the large clothing division, and around 40 for headwear. The range included muskrat, mink, nutria, marbles, all kinds of foxes, rabbits, Persians, martens, etc. They were not only sent to the Leipzig trade fair, but also the fur fair in Frankfurt am Main . Major customers were department store groups, clothing stores and large trading companies in the Federal Republic of Germany and other Western European countries. In East Berlin's Nikolaiviertel , the Brühlpelz salon was used to procure foreign currency, officially to “cover upscale needs” .

The Brühlpelz building on Sachsenplatz

  • Brühlpelz at Sachsenplatz

  • The congress hall in Brühlpelz (1989)

"Brühlfurz" matches. For good customers there were B. also porcelain plates with the emblem of Interpelz

In the years 1966/1967 , the new building of the Brühlzentrum and next to it the ten-story, 40-meter-high high-rise Brühlpelz for the foreign trade company Interpelz with office and administration rooms was built on the newly named Sachsenplatz (the name was canceled again in 2002), Brühl 34-50 Inaugurated in 1966. The Interpelz Leipziger Handelsgesellschaft was dissolved in 1994 by resolution of the shareholder, the trust company in Berlin.

The Brühlzentrum building adjoins the south wing of Gloeck's house , which was completed in 1910 for the tobacco shop and chinchilla specialist Richard Gloeck . From 1967 the tobacco industry of the GDR exhibited its products in a trade fair building behind the Brühlhaus, the Brühlzentrum congress building. Until 1990 the house was the seat of VEB Brühlpelz Leipzig .

In autumn 2010 Leipziger Stadtbau AG acquired the building, which is still colloquially known as “Brühlpelz”. From the end of 2015 to April 15, 2016, the new owner made the building available as refugee accommodation.

In 2016, work began on converting the building from an office building to a hotel and commercial building. In addition, retail space is to be created on the ground floor; the ninth and tenth floors are still intended for office units. The Adina Apartment Hotel with 166 studios and apartments, a restaurant and bar, conference rooms and a swimming pool was due to open in October 2017 (now open). The redesign of the facade is based on the winning design of the architecture competition held by the owner in 2015. The jury considered the ground floor areas in particular to be very successful; the ocher ceramic tiles would soften the large building to a certain extent. The old facade will be completely removed during the renovation work.

During the renovation work, the workers found the copper case with the documents walled in at the official laying of the foundation stone on April 10, 1965. It contained an explanatory letter, the " Abendzeitung ", the " Leipziger Volkszeitung ", " Neues Deutschland " and the fur magazine "Brühl" as well as aluminum coins. In addition, provided with the latest construction plans and newspapers, the sleeve is inserted back into the masonry of the converted house.

Two tapestries in the projection room, designed by Maria Köhler

In 1984 VEB Brühlpelz commissioned the textile designer Maria Köhler (* 1934) to create decorative jewelry for the Brühlpelz demonstration room. Two representative square tapestries were created, each with a picture area of ​​120 x 120 centimeters plus a decorative border.

Maria Köhler was very familiar with the leather and fur industry due to her professional career. From 1952 to 1955 she graduated from teaching and professional studies as a tanner and tanning technician in Freiberg . From 1955 to 1956 she worked in this profession in her father's company in Grimma . In September she started her artistic work on the side, initially in a studio of the disused tannery of VEB Lederproduktion Grimma. After the initially self-taught work, she got a job in the college of visual artists "Schaddelmühle" in Schaddel (Großbothen) in November 1977 , in 1980 she was a candidate for the Association of Visual Artists of the GDR and in October 1982 she moved into her own studio on the market in Grimma. In September 1983 she became a member of the association in the arts and crafts / design section and since 1984 she has been the head of textile training at the Leipzig district music school , department of applied arts.

One of the two carpets depicted the theme “The Furrier”, the other the “Fur Hunting and Breeding”. A coarse linen fabric served as the background of the carpet, the image design was carried out by embroidering white cotton thread and adding a little bit of colored silk thread to set accents.

The artist described the tapestries as follows:

“With the 'Der Kürschner' tapestry, this is the focus when examining and assembling the skins, representative of his creative work. The two round medallions above are depictions of the furrier on glass windows of the cathedral in Chartres : the master furrier on a throne chair and the sale of fodder - symbolic of the long tradition and appreciation of the furrier's craft. For the theme of the top bar in this picture I chose representations of work processes, so I took the furrier and the felling of the skins in three beats from Jost Amman's book of status (1575) and supplemented this with the work on the furrier bench and the laying of the fur seam . - thus combining old and new at the same time. The side surfaces show the old fur turning and a modern degreasing system on the left, the tools and a sectional drawing on the right - i.e. the work equipment. The product can be seen below. Furs from ancient Egypt (the great man of the fur from the grave in Saggara) , the Gauls of the 1st century with the trophy as a helmet, the peasant fur, the rich Lithuanian woman with a sable cape and cap, the lady of the Biedermeier period with a muff and stole , the Mink dress, which attracted so much attention at the Paris World's Fair of 1900, and the fur jacket of the present. The middle of this row shows fur as a means of representation of wealth and power, a Roman armchair, the tsar's crown with sable and a fur blanket with ermine . "

“In the 'Fur Hunting and Breeding' tapestry, humans stand naked, surrounded by fur-bearing animals, symbolic of the situation at the origin. He stands between leopard and lamb, plus cat, beaver, hamster, sable, squirrel and ermine - he will hunt or tame them. On the left edge you can see seals in their freedom, threatened with extinction due to hunting, on the right the fur animals of breeding in cages: mink, nutria, rabbit fur. Above, the landscape of the north, the fur hunt, spreads out: Eskimos in kayaks, a team of dogs to transport the skins along the coast, bear hunters and trappers. Below extends the equally spacious landscape of the steppe, the fur farming with the karakul herd . "

- Maria Koehler

The drafts were approved by the client. Embroidering took three months of intense work; in October 1984 the carpets were installed in the room. Maria Köhler was not completely satisfied with the effect, however, in the spring of 1985 she also provided the carpets with two borders that match the depictions, a meander-like band for the furrier and a wavy line for the fur animals.

Web links

Commons : Brühl (Leipzig)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Walter Fellmann: The Leipziger Brühl . VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig 1989, pp. 193-202.
  2. ↑ a b c d Doris Mundus: Furs from Leipzig, furs from Brühl . Sax Verlag, 2015, p. 28, ISBN 978-3-86729-146-0 .
  3. ↑ In: Winckelmann Pelzmarkt : No more furs at Leipziger Brühl (identical to the headline in the local press). October 20, 1995.
  4. ↑ Without an author's name: The re-establishment of the guild in 1990 . In: 1423-1998. 575 years of furriers' guild in Leipzig . August 1989.
  5. ↑ Rolf Kistner: The combine - and the perspective of the tobacco industry . In: Der Brühl , January / February 1964, p. 1. Note: According to Fellmann and personal information (Dr. Claus J. Gerd Rohde; Günter Kümmel), the head of the combine was Joachim Kistner (and not, as stated there, Rolf Kistner)
  6. ↑ Angelika Raulien: Open letter to Leipzig's OBM - Will tradition soon die out? Newspaper clipping, probably Leipziger Volkszeitung, October 23, 1990.
  7. ↑ http://artefakte.perladesa.de , Leipzig - trade fair and book city. Artifacts - monuments of German history . Last modified November 7, 2016. Accessed August 3, 2017.
  8. ↑ Without indication of the author: dissolved . In: Winckelmann Pelzmarkt No. 1244, Frankfurt am Main, July 22, 1994, p. 3.
  9. ↑ www.leipzig-lexikon.de, André Loh-Kliesch: Gloeck's house . 1998-2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  10. ↑ a b c d www.stadtbau.com: In the "Brühlpelz-Hochhaus" conversion and renovation work to the Adina Apartment Hotel begins . May 25, 2016. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  11. ↑ www.leipzig.de: City office shows results of the facade competition for the Brühlpelz facade . May 6, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  12. ↑ jr .: Discovered: Foundation stone for Brühlfurz . In: Leipziger Volkszeitung March 9, 2017.
  13. ↑ a b c Textile design of murals with themes from the tobacco industry . In: Brühlpelz No. 26, November / December 1985, VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, pp. 32–33.
  14. ↑ www.camillokino.de, Artemision Galerie, Rainer Behrends: Maria Köhler ( Memento from April 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 4, 2017.