Mariastella Gelmini
Mariastella Gelmini (born July 1, 1973 in Leno , Province of Brescia ) is an Italian politician of the Popolo della Libertà . In Silvio Berlusconi 's fourth cabinet , she was Minister for Education, Universities and Research from May 2008 to November 2011.
Political career
Mariastella Gelmini specializes in administrative law as a lawyer . She was involved in Forza Italia from the time the party was founded and has headed the party-affiliated club azzurro in Desenzano del Garda since 1994 . In 1998 she was elected to the municipal council of Desenzano, of which she was chairman until 2002. From 2002 to 2005 she worked in the government of the province of Brescia, first (until 2004) as assessor for spatial planning, then as assessor for agriculture. In April 2005 she was elected to the regional council of Lombardy and one month later appointed by Silvio Berlusconi as coordinator of Forza Italia in her home region. In the parliamentary elections in 2006 she was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies and confirmed in the early elections in 2008. In parliament she worked a. a. in the Judiciary Committee and the Law Enforcement Authority Committee. She also played a key role in drafting the new party statutes for the right-wing liberal collection party Popolo della Libertà , founded by Berlusconi on November 18, 2007 .
On May 8, 2008, she was appointed Minister of Education and Research in the fourth Berlusconi government.
Work as Minister for Education and Research
The "Reform Gelmini"
The most important official act of Gelmini so far is the introduction of decree number 137 of September 1, 2008, entitled “Urgent measures in the field of education and the university”. The decree is also known in Italy as “Reform Gelmini”.
On the one hand, this decree includes the reintroduction of the leadership grade in the school report , with which the ministry wants to counteract the sharp increase in violence in schools. This reform point received approval from various organizations, such as the Moige (a parents' association) , whereas religious associations in particular, such as the Exodus Onlus , registered reservations. On the other hand, grading in tenths should be introduced again in the certificate . So far, the student has been assessed in an assessment text.
Another point of Decree 137 is the establishment of compulsory social studies with traffic and environmental education.
From 2009 the so-called “Maestro unico” is to be reintroduced in primary schools . That means that one teacher teaches all subjects; up until now, different curriculum contents were entrusted to different teachers in primary schools. According to Gelmini, the teaching staff would have become disproportionate to a decreasing number of students. Despite this reform, part-time work is not to be introduced for teachers who are already employed. A 24-hour week should serve as the basis for new hires.
The reform point for the introduction of the "Maestro unico" was passed in order to comply with the framework of the financial regulations of Law No. 133 of August 6, 2008. This law envisaged expenditure of 456 million euros in 2009 , 1,650 million euros in 2010, 2,538 million euros in 2011 and 3,188 million euros in 2012, 30 percent of which will be used to upgrade and train teaching staff from 2010 onwards .
The “Reform Gelmini” results in a surplus of teachers of around 87,400 units in the 2011/2012 school year and a surplus of temporary workers of 44,500 units in the period 2009–2011. Also in the decree, but in Article 16, state universities are granted the right, depending on the decision of the respective academic council, to convert the university into a private university.
Further measures
Mariastella Gelmini has repeatedly spoken out in favor of reintroducing school uniforms in primary schools. On the one hand, it would create more order, on the other hand, social differences would be concealed. Surveys largely showed that the population agreed with this proposal.
Gelmini is also promoting the introduction of new digitized textbooks.
In October 2008, the Minister made funds available to purchase 10,000 interactive whiteboards .
Resistance to the "Reform Gelmini"
Gelmini's stipulation to save around 150,000 posts for teachers and temporary workers without first involving the unions in talks has provoked fierce opposition from the latter. In particular, the trade unions Gilda , Cobas , CGIL , CISL and UIL announced their vehement rejection of the reform. The ministry countered by saying that schools were educational institutions and not job replicators. and that 97% of expenditure in the school sector is currently used for salaries. The latter is however attacked by the unions as disinformation, as the percentage is even below the OECD average . At the beginning of the dispute, the reform also received criticism from alliance partner Umberto Bossi ( Lega Nord ), who, however, shortly afterwards stated that there was no dissent with Gelmini on the subject.
Gelmini's actions have also sparked strong resistance in schools and universities. In October 2008 there were strikes by teaching and temporary staff almost daily , demonstrations by parents with children in elementary school and a series of actions by students and professors as well as high school students. Among other things, demonstration marches, university occupations and seminars in public places were organized. The student movement has been called " Onda " ( wave ) by the media and the students themselves . After Gelmini expressed her incomprehension about these protests in a report on Canale 5, which is close to Berlusconi , she described the demonstrators as a minority, instrumentalized by the left, who had not even read the decree.
On October 22nd, 2008 the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi declared at a press conference that he wanted to crack down on the demonstrators and, if necessary, use the police against the pupils and students. After massive protests against a possible use of the police, Berlusconi declared a day later, on October 23, that he had never said that he would use the police and that the entire media had been misinformed.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Original: Disposizioni urgenti in materia di istruzione e università
- ↑ a b Gelmini, non toccheremo i docenti di religione e di sostegno ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. La Stampa , September 23, 2008
- ↑ Ritornano i voti in Pagella Corriere della Sera , on 28 August 2008
- ↑ a b Il ministro Gelmini assicura: il maestro unico non penalizzerà il tempo pieno ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Localport, dated September 4, 2008
- ↑ Article 64 of Legislative Decree of June 25, 2008 and Law number 133 of August 6, 2008
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ "Meno griffe e più decoro" E il ministro dice sì alla divisa Corriere della Sera, of July 2, 2008
- ↑ Sì al maestro unico da 6 italiani su 10 Corriere della Sera, of October 19, 2008
- ↑ Article 15 of the DL of June 25, 2008, number 112
- ↑ Government press release of October 2, 2008 ( Memento of the original of December 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 150 mila posti in meno in 3 years "Un colpo alla scuola pubblica" La Repubblica, of June 24, 2008
- ↑ Scuola, e 'rivolta contro la Gelmini: in arrivo scioperi e manifestazioni ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. La Voce d'Italia, 6 September 2008
- ↑ La cattiva informazione della signora Gelmini ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. FLC CGIL, dated October 16, 2008
- ^ Bossi: "D'accordo sul maestro unico solo perché tanti insegnanti costano troppo" Corriere della Sera, from 10 September 2008
- ↑ SCUOLA: GELMINI, NON CAPISCO LE RAGIONI DELLA PROTESTA Adnkronos, October 17, 2008
- ↑ Polizia nelle scuole contro le occupazioni ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Il Globo, October 23, 2008
- ↑ Berlusconi: "Polizia negli atenei" Veltroni: "Premier soffia su fuoco" La Repubblica, October 22, 2008
- ↑ «May Pensato alla polizia nelle scuole" Corriere della Sera of 23 October 2008
Web links
- Italian Government Profile (Italian)
- Profile at the Italian Chamber of Deputies (Italian)
- Profile at openpolis.it (Italian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gelmini, Mariastella |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian politician (Popolo della Libertà), member of the Camera dei deputati |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 1, 1973 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Leno , Province of Brescia |