Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens

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Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens

Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens (born April 13, 1794 in Maureilhan , † December 6, 1867 in Montgeron ) was a French anatomist , physiologist and neurophysiologist .

Live and act

Pierre Flourens studied medicine at the University of Montpellier , where he attended courses from Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle . In 1813 he received his doctorate in medicine. After that, however, he dealt almost exclusively with questions of natural history. The following year he went to Paris with a letter of recommendation to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck , Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Antoine Portal (1742-1832).

From 1815 he continued his education in physiology and worked for the natural scientist and zoologist Georges Cuvier .

Flourens researched the localization of brain functions, including through animal experiments. He also found (prepared by Luigi Rolando ) the function of the cerebellum as a coordinator of movements. In 1828 Flourens was accepted into the Académie des Sciences and in 1855 appointed professor at the Collège de France . Under the influence of Georges Cuvier , Flourens became one of the greatest scientific opponents of the phrenology of Franz Joseph Gall .

In 1847 Flourens recognized the numbing effects of chloroform .

Flourens became famous not only in science: in 1837 he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies and in 1846 a member of the Chamber of Peers . In the election to fill the 29th chair of the Académie française , he was able to continue to prevail in the fourth ballot against Victor Hugo , which led to protests from the literary press and the public. In 1835 he became a Foreign Member of the Royal Society , in 1838 an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , 1841 a member of the Leopoldina , 1843 a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , 1856 a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of the Sciences in St. Petersburg and in 1859 elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

Works (selection)

  • Recherches expérimentales sur les propriétés et les fonctions du système nerveux dans les animaux vertébrés , Crevot (Paris), 1824, texts intégral .
  • Cours sur la génération, l'ovologie et l'embryologie, fait au museum d'histoire naturelle en 1836 [recueilli et publié par M. Deschamps], Trinquart (Paris), 1836
  • Recherches sur le développement des os et des dents , Gide (Paris), 1842
  • Anatomie générale de la peau et des membranes muqueuses , Gide (Paris), 1843
  • Mémoires d'anatomie et de physiologie comparées , J.-B. Baillière (Paris), 1844
  • Théorie expérimentale de la formation des os , J.-B. Baillière (Paris), 1847
  • Fontenelle, ou De la philosophie modern relativement aux sciences physiques , Paulin (Paris), 1847
  • Éloge historique de J. Fr. Blumenbach , Didot (Paris), 1847 - digitized
  • Examen de la phrénologie , L. Hachette (Paris), 1851
  • De la Longévité humaine et de la quantité de vie sur le globe , Garnier frères (Paris), 1856
  • De la Vie et de l'intelligence , Garnier frères (Paris), 1858
  • Recueil des éloges historiques lus dans les séances publiques de l'Académie des sciences , Garnier frères (Paris), 1856–1862, 3 vol.
  • De la phrénologie et des études vraies sur le cerveau , Garnier fréres, 1863
  • Examen du livre de M. Darwin sur l'origine des espèces , Garnier frères (Paris), 1864
  • Ontologie naturelle, ou étude philosophique des êtres , Garnier frères (Paris), 1864
  • Psychology comparée , Garnier frères (Paris), 1865
  • with Georges Cuvier, Ferdinand Hoefer, Alexander von Humboldt, Charles Lyell. Discours sur les révolutions du globe , Firmin-Didot et Cie (Paris), 1879 texts en ligne available sur IRIS

literature

Memorial plaque for Pierre Jean Marie Flourens
  • Georgette Legée : Pierre Flourens, physiologiste et historien des sciences , 2 volumes, Abbeville: Paulart 1992.
  • Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Flourens, Marie Jean Pierre. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 406.

See also

Equipotential theory

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Flourens, Marie Jean Pierre. 2005, p. 406.
  2. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens: Èloge historique de G. Cuvier. (1834), p. 650 (PDF; 3.6 MB) )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.academie-sciences.fr
  3. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 5, 2019 .
  4. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724: Flourens, Marie-Jean-Pierre. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed December 5, 2019 (Russian).
  5. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 82.
personal data
SURNAME Flourens, Marie-Jean-Pierre
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Flourens, Pierre
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH April 13, 1794
PLACE OF BIRTH Maureilhan
DATE OF DEATH December 6, 1867
Place of death Montgeron