Marie Bashkirtseff

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Self-portrait with palette, 1880
In the studio , 1881
The meeting , 1884
Bashkirtseff Mausoleum on the Cimetière de Passy in Paris

Marie Bashkirtseff ( Russian Мария Константиновна Башкирцева Maria Konstantinovna Bashkirzewa ; born November 24, 1858 or 1860 in Gawronzy near Dykanka , Poltava Governorate , Russian Empire , today in Poltava Oblast , Ukraine ; †  whose painting was a Russian painter in Paris , October 31, 1884 ) originated in France. Her work can be assigned to naturalism .

The posthumous edition of her diary in 1887 became a cult book of her generation of women. Her life has been filmed several times, including in Italy with the actress Isa Miranda . Bashkirtseff is buried in the Paris cemetery at Passy.

Life

Marie Bashkirtseff came from two southern Russian noble families, the Babanins and the Bashkirzews. Shortly after the birth of two children, the parents separated and Marie grew up with her mother on the grandparents' estate. After stays in Vienna , Baden-Baden , Geneva , Spa, Ostend and Paris during the years 1870–1872, mother, grandparents and aunt settled in Nice . There the young Marie began to keep a diary.

A laryngeal disease thwarted the young woman's plan to become a singer and actress. Marriage plans with a Roman nobleman also failed due to resistance from his family. Marie persuaded her family to move to Paris, where she wanted to study painting. After two years of training in the Julian studio with Tony Robert-Fleury , she joined the painter Jules Bastien-Lepage as a student and friend and cared for him together with his mother shortly before his death. But Bashkirtseff himself died of tuberculosis a few weeks before Bastien-Lepage . She was buried in the Passy cemetery in Paris in a large mausoleum , the tallest and most striking structure in the cemetery.

At the time, Baschkirtseff's painting was hanging in the Musée du Luxembourg in Paris, while the painting Two Parisian Street Boys, Jean and Jacques was exhibited at the International Art Exhibition in Berlin in 1891. Her diary, which she had kept until a few days before her untimely death, was published in French in a version abridged and censored by her mother in 1887 and soon translated into many languages, English in 1889, and German in 1897.

Laura Marholm described the diary in her Book of Women (1894) as the “secret Bible” of the young women of her time. Fanny Reventlow wrote in her diary in 1901: “I'm reading Marie Baschkirtseff again - that would have been the only woman I could have got along with, especially in the fear of losing something of life and in the unheard-of flogging by fate . "

In 2012 the asteroid (30937) Bashkirtseff was named after her.

Factory selection

painting

  • Two Parisian street boys, Jean and Jacques (1883)
  • Three kinds of laughter
  • Portrait of a female model

  • Young woman with lilacs, around 1880

  • Girl reading at the waterfall, 1882

  • Young Russian woman, around 1882

  • Reading, around 1882

  • The umbrella, 1883

  • Autumn, 1883

Diaries and letters (first editions and German editions only)

  • Journal de Marie Bashkirtseff , ed. by André Theuriet, 2 vols., Paris 1887
  • German translation by Lothar Schmidt, 2 volumes, published by L. Frankenstein, Breslau, Leipzig, Vienna 1897
  • Nouveau journal inédit de Marie Bashkirtseff (1876–1884). Suivi des lettres de Guy de Maupassant , with a foreword by Renée d'Ulmès , Editions de la Revue (Ancienne Revue des Revues), Paris 1901
  • Diary sheets and correspondence with Guy de Maupassant , from the Frz. transfer and a. by Julia Virginia , Seemann, Berlin and Leipzig 1906
  • Diary of Maria Bashkirtseff , new ed. and with an after. by Gottfried M. Daiber , Ullstein , Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-548-30151-7 (abridged edition of the first German translation by Lothar Schmidt from 1897)
  • Mon Journal. Texts intégral , ed. by Ginette Apostolescu, 12 vols., 1995-2003

literature

  • Laura Marholm: The tragedy of the young girl , in: this .: Book of women , Albert Langen , Paris and Leipzig 1894
  • Augustine Birrell: Essays about Men, Women, and Books , C. Scribner's Sons, New York 1894
  • Anton Hirsch: The visual artists of the modern age , Enke, Stuttgart 1905
  • Charlotte Lady Blennerhassett : Marie Bashkirtseff , in: dies .: Streiflichter , Paetel, Berlin 1911
  • Alberic Cahuet: Moussia ou la vie et la mort de Marie Bashkirtseff , Charpentier-Fasquelle, Paris 1926; German Üs. by Ferdinand Bruckner [d. i. Theodor Tagger]: Mussia. An early life story , Allert de Lange Verlag, Amsterdam 1935
  • Émile Henriot: D'Héloise à Marie Bashkirtseff. Portraits de Femmes , Librairie Plon, Paris 1935
  • Dormer Creston: The Life Of Marie Bashkirtseff , Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1943
  • Simone de Beauvoir : Le deuxième sexe , Gallimard, Paris 1949; German published as the opposite sex. Customs and sex of women , Rowohlt, Hamburg 1951
  • Hilde Spiel : Three early completed (Marie Bashkirtseff, Henri Alain-Fournier, Loris) , in: dies .: World in reflection. Essays , Beck, Munich 1960
  • Editha Klipstein : About Marie Baschkirzeff. Friedenauer Presse, Berlin 1964
  • Doris Langley Moore: Marie & the Duke of H. The Daydream Love Affair of Marie Bashkirtseff , JB Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York 1966, and Cassell & Co., London 1966
  • Vincent Cronin: Four Women in Pursuit of an Ideal , Collins, London 1965; republish as: The Romantic Way , Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1966
  • Colette Cosnier: Bashkirtseff. Un portrait sans retouches , Paris 1985
  • Heidi Wiese: The dreams of the rich Russian aristocrats: Marie Bashkirtseff in Rendezvous with the dead - walks through Parisian cemeteries , Neues Literaturkontor, Bielefeld 1993, ISBN 3-920591-19-4
  • Colette Cosnier: Marie Bashkirtseff. I want to be everything A life between aristocracy and studio , people and world, Berlin 1994
  • Sabine Voigt: The diaries of Marie Bashkirtseff from 1877–1884 , Dortmund 1997 (also Diss. Marburg 1996), ISBN 3-931782-90-5
  • Margot Brink: "I write, therefore I will". Experiences of nullity and self-creation in the diaries of Marie Bashkirtseff, Marie Leneru and Catherine Pozzi , Ulrike Helmer Verlag, Königstein 1998
  • Susanne Goumegou, Marie Guthmüller and Annika Nickenig: Writing dwindling. Letters and diaries of consumptive women in 19th century France . Cologne: Böhlau 2011 (especially the chapter on Marie Bashkirtseff by Annika Nickenig).

Movies

Web links

Commons : Marie Bashkirtseff  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 79104
personal data
SURNAME Bashkirtseff, Marie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baschkirzeff, Marie; Башкирцева, Мария Константиновна; Bashkirzewa, Maria Konstantinowna (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-French painter, writer, philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH November 24, 1858 or 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH Gawronzi near Dykanka , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH October 31, 1884
Place of death Paris , France