Maria Beccadelli di Bologna

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Marie Countess Dönhoff. Portrait of Franz von Lenbach , 1873

Marie Anna Zoë Rosalie Fürstin von Bülow , divorced Countess von Dönhoff, née Beccadelli di Bologna, Marchesa di Altavilla, Principessa di Camporeale (born February 6, 1848 in Naples , † January 26, 1929 in Rome ) was a Berlin salonnière and the wife of the Chancellor and Prussian Prime Minister Bernhard Fürst von Bülow (1849–1929).

Life

Maria Becadelli di Bologna was the daughter of Domenico Beccadelli di Bologna (1826–1863), Principe di Camporeale and Laura, nee. Acton (1829-1915). After Domenico's death, her mother married the Italian Prime Minister Marco Minghetti (1818–1886) and played a major role in the Italian and German aristocracy.

Social role

Maria, who also called herself Marie after her marriage to a Prussian diplomat, advanced to the highest circles of the Prussian court society early on and distinguished herself through her intellectual and musical abilities; she played the piano excellently , raved - like her friend Marie von Schleinitz - for the music of Richard Wagner and was a confidante of the Prussian Crown Princess Victoria , who even painted a portrait of Mary. Her son Prince Wilhelm, who later became Kaiser Wilhelm II , adored the countess very much in his youth.

Prince and Princess Bülow on Norderney , 1905

Even as a diplomatic wife in Vienna , she ran a salon in the 1870s. In the early 1880s she and the young diplomat Bernhard von Bülow fell madly in love with each other. However, there were several obstacles to their marriage: Since Mary had been married under both Protestant and Catholic law, she not only had to get a divorce, but also had her first marriage annulled by the papal, which was finally achieved in 1884; Bülow, at that time counselor in St. Petersburg , received the following telegram from her one day: "Annulment pronounced, blessed Marie". There were also social complications, as marriage to a divorced woman was not welcomed in Prussian court circles at the time; It was only with a certain stubbornness that Bülow finally obtained the necessary marriage consensus from his supreme superior, Prince Bismarck , who a few years earlier had forbidden his own son, Count Herbert von Bismarck , to marry the divorced Princess Elisabeth zu Carolath-Beuthen .

When Bülow became ambassador in Rome in 1893 , Maria's social contacts in her old homeland were of valuable support to him. After his appointment as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs in 1897, she finally opened a salon in Berlin, in which mainly politicians, diplomats and high-ranking military men frequented; some guests, like the diplomat Hans von Wangenheim , mocked the ceremonial, official character of the meetings there, which had little in common with the literary salons of the time. A celebrated beauty and of a fine intellectual education, it was said that she was spiritually superior to her husband, who she greatly admired. Together with her mother Laura, she played a formative role in Berlin society until the beginning of the First World War .

Marriages

Maria Beccadelli married the Prussian diplomat Karl August Graf von Dönhoff (1833–1906) on May 15, 1867 in Lugano . The marriage was divorced in 1882 under Prussian law and annulled by the Vatican in 1884 . This marriage had a daughter, Eugenie (1868-1946), who was married to the diplomat Nikolaus von Wallwitz (1852-1941).

On January 9, 1886, she married the Prussian diplomat Bernhard von Bülow in Vienna .

Maria von Bülow was buried in the Nienstedten cemetery.

swell

  • Bernhard Fürst von Bülow: Memories. 4 volumes. Ullstein, Berlin 1930–1931.
  • Philipp zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld : From 50 years. Memories, diaries and letters from the Prince's estate. Paetel, Berlin 1923.
  • Bogdan Graf von Hutten-Czapski : Sixty Years of Politics and Society. Volume 1. Mittler, Berlin 1936.
  • The diary of Baroness Spitzemberg , b. Freiin v. Varnbuler. Records from the court society of the Hohenzollern Empire (= German historical sources of the 19th and 20th centuries. Vol. 43, ISSN  0344-1687 ). Selected and edited by Rudolf Vierhaus . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1960
  • Fedor von Zobeltitz : Chronicle of the society under the last empire. Volume 2: 1902 - 1914. 2nd edition. Alster Verlag, Hamburg 1922.

literature

  • John CG Röhl : Wilhelm II. The Emperor's Youth 1859–1888. Beck, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-406-37668-1 .
  • Petra Wilhelmy: The Berlin Salon in the 19th Century. (1780–1914) (= publications of the Historical Commission in Berlin. Volume 73). de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1989, ISBN 3-11-011891-2 (also: Münster, Univ., Diss., 1987).

Web links

Commons : Maria Beccadelli di Bologna  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Maria Beccadelli di Bologna von Bülow, gravestone inscription. Find A Grave, accessed September 22, 2018 .
  2. ^ Prince Bernhard von Bülow . In: Ernst Fraenkel (Ed.): America in the mirror of German political thought . VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 1959, p. 198–199 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-663-07081-8_46 (reprint of the 1959 edition, ISBN 978-3-663-06168-7 ).
  3. ^ Bernhard von Bülow: Memorabilia . Ed .: Franz Stockhammern. tape 1 : From the State Secretariat to the Morocco Crisis , 1930, OCLC 874524906 , p. 538 .
  4. ^ Röhl: Wilhelm II. The Emperor's Youth 1859–1888. P. 265.
  5. ^ Bernhard von Bülow: Memorabilia. Ed .: Franz Stockhammern. tape 4 : Youth and Diplomatic Years , 1931, OCLC 929383630 , p. 590 .
  6. ^ Bernhard von Bülow: Memorabilia. Ed .: Franz Stockhammern. tape 4 : Youth and Diplomatic Years , 1931, OCLC 929383630 , p. 585 .
  7. ↑ See Wilhelmy: The Berlin Salon in the 19th Century. (1780-1914) pp. 617 f.
  8. ↑ See Spitzemberg, p. 465.
  9. ^ Walter Henry Nelson: Die Hohenzollern .. Munich 1996, p. 336.
  10. ↑ Gravestone image and location at garten-der-frauen.de
personal data
SURNAME Beccadelli di Bologna, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bülow, Marie von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Berlin salonière
DATE OF BIRTH February 6, 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH Naples
DATE OF DEATH January 26, 1929
Place of death Rome