Marienkirchhof (Lübeck)
The Marienkirchhof is a square in Lübeck's old town .
location
The Marienkirchhof is located in the center of the old town island, in the Marien Quartier . In a broader sense, the name refers to the open space that surrounds the Marienkirche and which is divided into southern, western and northern Marienkirchhof. There is no eastern Marienkirchhof, as the choir of the church extends very close to the rear facade of the office building , so that only a narrow passage remains here that connects the northern and southern cemetery. Only the southern Marienkirchhof is dedicated as a street , which branches off from the Schüsselbuden and also provides access to the entrance to the church located here. There is a connection for pedestrians to Breite Straße through an archway.
history
For centuries, the Marienkirchhof was a generally accessible and, as a connection between the town hall and Mengstraße, a heavily frequented square, but not an actual public open space, as it was the property of the church. Since the Reformation, which took place in 1531, the Lutheran Church of Lübeck was subject to the council as a state church , but this did not change the status of the Marienkirchhof as a church property, the use and design of which the city authorities only had indirect and very limited influence. The Marienkirchhof served as a cemetery well into the 19th century ; It was only after the reorganization of the city's burial system on the occasion of the cholera epidemic of 1832 that burials within the city were prohibited and the ossuary in the northern Marienkirchhof was auctioned off in 1835 for demolition.
While the Marienkirchhof in the west and north today borders directly on the Schüsselbuden and Mengstrasse , it was originally separated from these streets. Between the Westkirchhof and the Schüsselbuden there was a row of houses that was destroyed in the air raid in 1942 and not rebuilt after the war. The north cemetery was separated from Mengstrasse by a wing known as the bakery stall . The baker's booths, perceived as an eyesore, were torn down as early as 1834, so that an open space was created here. For centuries, the gateway under the Maria am Stegel chapel formed the connection between the churchyard and the corner of Mengstraße and Schüsselbuden.
Since the 17th century, efforts have been made to design the Marienkirchhof by planting trees and paving. From 1834, special attention was paid to the northern Marienkirchhof, which was to form the framework for the Marienkirche, which can be freely viewed here. After its use as a cemetery and the reburial of the corpses located here in the summer of 1836, efforts were also made to enhance the aesthetics with lawns, hedges and decorative fences. The results, however, remained unsatisfactory for a long time until, after the last improvements in 1877, a state considered appropriate was reached.
The southern Marienkirchhof was in poor condition despite constant repairs and new paving in the late 19th century, which made a thorough renovation inevitable. The problem arose that there were still numerous graves under the surface, which led to more and more soil settlements and thus to damage to the pavement. After negotiations that dragged on for two years, the southern Marienkirchhof became municipal property in 1882 and was dedicated as a public street. The reburial of the dead and the permanent repair of this part of the Marienkirchhof has now been carried out by the city of Lübeck.
The pastorate, the Wehde , after which the inner block courtyard Wehdehof is named after, is a three-part structure with facades from the 18th century on Mengstraße opposite the churchyard .
On the south wall of the church is the memorial to the victims of the First World War, created by the sculptor Hermann Joachim Pagels, who grew up in Lübeck, in 1929 for the parish from Swedish granite from Karlshamn . A globe surrounded by a crown of thorns , which is surmounted by a golden cross , crowns this.
The main inscription on the front is:
their dead
1914 1918
(added after the Second World War)
and
1939 1945The following passages of text are written in Gothic script along the upper edges
|
Left God our confidence |
Face But now remain faith, hope, love |
right Lord set us free |
Since the destruction of World War II , the Marienkirchhof has been an open, paved square to the west and north, while in the north it is still bounded by the office building and is still separated from the market to the south by buildings. It has been officially named Marienkirchhof since 1852.
In 2006 the parish council of the Marienkirche carried out a cooperative appraisal procedure among six architectural offices in order to receive design proposals for the development of the Marienkirchhof to the west and north of the Marienkirche. Franz Riepl was the winner . It has not yet been realized.
Buildings
- St. Marien zu Lübeck , brick-Gothic church with a monumental double tower facade built between 1250 and 1350
- Marienwerkhaus , residence of the master craftsman of the Marienkirche since the Middle Ages . A neo-Gothic building from 1904 designed by Willy Glogner . Traditionally, the Marienwerkhaus was part of the Marienkirchhof; even today it has two addresses: Schüsselbuden 13 and Marienkirchhof 4-5, to the input of the latter address, curiously, in widths Krambuden is
Web links
- Street directory of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck
- Archives of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck: Sources on the funeral system (PDF; 42 kB)
literature
- W. Brehmer : The street names in the city of Lübeck and its suburbs. HG Rathgens, Lübeck 1889.
- W. Brehmer: Lübeck house names along with contributions to the history of individual houses. HG Rathgens, Lübeck 1890.
- Max Hoffmann: The streets of the city of Lübeck. In: Journal of the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology. Jg. 11, 1909, ISSN 0083-5609 , pp. 215-292 (also special print: 1909).
- Horst Weimann: The St. Marien-Kirchhof and its history - 1531 to 1974. In: The carriage . 1975, pp. 25-31.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bauwelt 2007, Issue 3, pp. 12–15 ( Memento of the original dated December 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.3 MB)
Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 5 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 7 ″ E