March Camp Ermelo
| March Camp Ermelo | |
|---|---|
| limes | in front of the Lower Germanic Limes |
| Dating (occupancy) | 2nd century |
| Type | Marching camp |
| unit | unknown vexillatio |
| size | 9 ha |
| Construction | Earthwork |
| State of preservation | well-preserved and restored terrain deformations |
| place | Ermelo |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 17 '3 " N , 5 ° 41' 28" E |
| height | 28 m NAP |
| Backwards |
Castle Overbetuwe-Randwijk , Castle Overbetuwe-Driel , Castra Herculis ; (all south) |
The marching camp Ermelo was a Roman , late imperial marching camp near Ermelo , Gelderland province . It is the only proven Roman marching camp in the Netherlands .
Location and research history
Today's ground monument is a good 35 kilometers as the crow flies north of the Rhine and thus on the former Roman border on the Ermeloschen Heide , a former military training area and today's local recreation area on the border of the Veluwe . In ancient times, a good eight kilometers as the crow flies in a north-westerly direction was the shore of Lacus Flevo ( IJsselmeer ) and with it the nautical passage to the North Sea. At this point the terrain forms a hill that allows a wide view of the surrounding landscape. Today the fort area is cut through from the Provinciale 302 .
The camp was first examined by the Dutch archaeologist Jan Hendrik Holwerda between 1922 and 1923 . Another investigation was caused by the laying of a pipeline and was carried out in 1987 by the Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek (ROB) under the scientific direction of Rudi S. Hulst .
Archaeological findings and dating
Already at the time of the bell beaker culture , the 343 hectare area of the Ermeloschen Heide was inhabited by people, of which burial mounds of this era bear witness.
The Roman camp had the shape of an irregular rhombus with rounded corners and, with its dimensions of approximately 260/300 m by 330/360 m, took up an area of around nine hectares. It was oriented with its pretorial front (front) to the north and was surrounded by a recently one meter high earth wall and a recently one and a half meter deep moat. Each of the four camp gates was protected by a titulum (a short trench slightly offset from the main trench). Another trench, which separated the Retentura (rear part of the camp) from the rest of the complex immediately south of the presumed Via principalis (camp cross street) , was filled again shortly after the camp was built. The size of the fort was designed to accommodate a vexillation of several thousand (up to a legionary strength of 6000 soldiers). It was believed to have only been in use for a short time (possibly a few days) and then was abandoned.
Had the archaeologist Holwerda still dates the marching camp to the 4th century, Hulst was dating through a redefinition of the finds and by the radiocarbon method correct to the 2nd century, and by completion of the 1980 discovery of a Samian shard type Dragendorff 31 continue on limit the second half of the 2nd century. Probably the period between the years 170 and 180 AD comes into question. However, it remains unclear whether the space was in use before and afterwards.
The contours of the camp are reconstructed and clearly visible in the area. A model of the marcher and further information can be found in the Harderwijk Stadsmuseum .
literature
- Julianus Egidius Bogaers : Ermelo. In: Julianus Egidius Bogaers, Christoph B. Rüger : The Lower Germanic Limes. Materials on its story . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1974, ISBN 3-7927-0194-4 , pp. 33-35.
- Saskia G. van Dockum : The Dutch river basin. In: Tilmann Bechert , Willem JH Willems (Hrsg.): The Roman border between the Moselle and the North Sea coast. Theiss, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8062-1189-2 , p. 79.
- Paul van der Heijden: Grens van het Romeinse Rijk. De Limes in Gelderland . Matrijs, Utrecht 2016, ISBN 978-90-5345-327-8 , pp. 84–86.
- Rudi S. Hulst: Het onderzoek van het Romeinse marskamp bij Ermelo-Leuvenum, Nederland (= Report on Archeologische Monumentenzorg. 146). RACM, Amersfoort 2007, ISBN 978-90-5799-104-2 .
- Rudi S. Hulst, Jan Vredenberg: Het Romeins marskamp bij Ermelo. Matrijs, Utrecht 2007, ISBN 978-90-5345-292-9 .
Web links
- Robert Vermaat: Ermelosche Heide. Roman Temporary Camp. On the private website fectio.org of the Dutch historian Robert Vermaat, (English, Dutch)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Robert Vermaat: Ermelosche Heide. Roman Temporary Camp. On the private website fectio.org of the Dutch historian Robert Vermaat, (English, Dutch) .
- ↑ a b Jan Hendrik Holwerda in OMRO 4, Leiden 1923, p. 40 ff.
- ↑ a b Rudi S. Hulst: Het onderzoek van het Romeinse marskamp bij Ermelo-Leuvenum, Nederland . RACM, Amersfoort 2007, ISBN 978-90-5799-104-2 , (= Rapportage Archeologische Monumentenzorg, 146); and together with Jan Vredenberg: Het Romeins marskamp bij Ermelo. Matrijs, Utrecht 2007, ISBN 978-90-5345-292-9 .
- ↑ 260 m on the south side and 300 m on the north side.
- ↑ 330 m on the east side and 360 m on the west side.
- ^ After Bogaers, Van Dockum and Vermaat.
- ↑ After Van Dockum.
- ↑ Official website of the Stadsmuseum Harderwijk .
Flevum | March Camp Ermelo | Roman camp Holsterhausen | Aliso | Roman camp Haltern | Roman camp Olfen | Beckinghausen Roman Camp | Roman camp Bielefeld-Sennestadt | Roman camp Oberaden | Kneblinghausen Roman Camp | Roman camp Anreppen | Roman camp Porta Westfalica | Hedemünden Roman Camp | Roman camp Limburg | Roman camp Oberbruch | Roman camp Lahnau-Dorlar | Roman camp Marktbreit | Roman marching camp near Hachelbich | Roman marching camp from Wilkenburg