Martine Aubry

Martine Aubry

Martine Aubry (* 8. August 1950 in Paris as Martine Delors ) is a French politician of the Parti Socialiste (PS). She has been the mayor of Lille since March 2001 and was the PS's first secretary (party leader) from November 2008 to October 2012.

Family, education and work

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Martine Aubry is the daughter of the French politician and EU Commission President Jacques Delors .

After finishing school at the Lycée Paul-Valéry in Paris, Aubry attended two elite universities: in 1972, she completed her studies at Sciences Po and switched to the École nationale d'administration (ENA), which she left with Léon Blum's senior class. At the same time she became active in the ranks of the CFDT union .

After graduating from university, she held first posts in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs under Jean Auroux - she was instrumental in drafting the Auroux laws - and Pierre Bérégovoy , as well as in the Council of State and from 1978 teaching activities at the ENA, before joining from 1989 to 1991 joined the Pechiney group and became vice-chairman after Jean Gandois .

Aubry married Xavier Aubry in 1973, with whom she has a daughter. She kept the name Aubry after the divorce. On March 20, 2004, she married Jean-Louis Brochen, a lawyer from Lille, a second marriage.

Political career

Beginnings

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Aubry joined the Parti socialiste in 1974. She gained her first political experience as an employee at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs.

In 1991 she was appointed Minister for Labor and Vocational Education by Édith Cresson and was confirmed in this post in the subsequent government under Pierre Bérégovoy. After government power fell back into the hands of the right-wing parties, she set up her foundation Agir contre l'exclusion (FACE) and in 1995 was appointed by Pierre Mauroy as his deputy in the town hall of Lille .

Some observers saw in 1995 her father's resignation as a candidate for the presidency, the desire not to stand in the way of his own daughter's career. Lionel Jospin , who was instead offered this role by the party, found use for her as press spokeswoman for his campaign. When he was named party secretary again after his defeat, he intended to have Martine Aubry elected as his deputy, but she refused the offer.

Minister in the Jospin Cabinet

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After the victory of the Gauche plurielle (1997) and the associated election as MP for the North Department , she took over the post of 'Minister for Labor and Solidarity' in the Jospin cabinet . In this position, she is credited with making significant contributions to realizing the prime minister's most important election promise, the fight against unemployment and the creation of new jobs. In this regard, it implemented several measures, in particular the introduction of the 35-hour week . The latter measure, which was heavily criticized from the ranks of the right and employers, sparked a lively debate. Advocates of the measure such as Aubry pointed to the additional jobs created by reducing per capita hours of employment. They also argued with the associated social change as well as with the improvement of working conditions through the gain in free time. Opponents, however, saw the measure as an obstacle to France's competitiveness . They therefore feared that large numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises would be ruined.

It was also alleged that the project was carried out prematurely without sufficient consultation with the social partners and that it was associated with coercive measures. De facto, when the 35-hour week was introduced, a new form of legislation was used: a first law, passed on June 12, 1998, provided guidelines and principles based on a voluntary commitment by the social partners. This was followed by a second law that made the 35-hour week binding from January 1, 2000 and was based on more than a hundred thousand agreements at company and branch level. The limitation of the maximum weekly working time was flanked by the Emplois-jeunes measures, which were intended to pave the way for young people to enter the labor market , by a law to avoid exclusion and by individual allowances to guarantee the independence of senior citizens in need. With the introduction of the Couverture maladie universelle (CMU), all citizens were able to benefit from general health insurance for the first time .

Mayoress of Lille and chairwoman of the PS

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In 2000, Aubry founded a club called 'Réformer' to reflect on political events. At the same time she resigned from the government in order to devote herself more intensively to the campaign for the local elections. With these she ran for the successor to Pierre Mauroy as mayor of Lille . You managed to win the office, while other prominent figures of the Parti Socialiste , such as Jack Lang or Élisabeth Guigou , failed with their mayor-candidacies. After the defeat of the Parti Socialiste both in the presidential election in 2002 and in the elections to the National Assembly in June 2002 , she concentrated on her work in the town hall of Lille.

In December 2004 she rejoined the leadership of the Parti Socialiste and, alongside Dominique Strauss-Kahn and Jack Lang, was responsible for drawing up a program and concept for the 2007 elections.

As mayor of Lille, she contributed to significant changes in the cityscape, mainly with the Lille 2004 project, which attracted more than 9 million visitors to the city in one year while it was European Capital of Culture .

In November 2008, Aubry ran for the post of first secretary (chairwoman) of the Parti Socialiste following the Reims party congress . She decided the primary election in the second ballot with a lead of almost 100 votes (50.04 percent) against Ségolène Royal . Manipulation allegations were made against their supporters. She tied other currents into the party leadership, above all those around Paris Mayor Bertrand Delanoë and the party left around Benoît Hamon , which enabled her to stabilize the deeply divided PS.

Defeat in the race for the presidency

For the 2012 presidential election it was considered certain that Aubry would forego his own application for the nomination of the Parti Socialiste in favor of Dominique Strauss-Kahn . After Strauss-Kahn declined to apply after allegations of rape, Aubry declared her candidacy for the open primaries ( Primaires citoyennes ) of the PS. In her campaign, she spoke out in favor of phasing out nuclear energy in the long term . In the primaries, she reached the runoff election with 30 percent of the vote, which she lost to François Hollande .

Hollande was elected the next President of France on May 6, 2012 : He won the runoff election against incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy . After the election victory, Aubry was traded as a possible prime minister and thus a kind of top candidate for the parliamentary election in June 2012 . However, Hollande opted for Jean-Marc Ayrault instead . Aubry then declared that he was not available for any other government office. She also gave up the post of Première secretaire des PS. As her successor at the top of the party, Aubry and Prime Minister Ayrault proposed Harlem Désir on September 12, 2012 . He was officially elected on October 18th, but had already taken over the office on September 17th.

After resigning as party leader

Since her resignation as party leader, Aubry has been emphasizing that she is concentrating on her office as President of the Lille agglomeration and as mayor of Lille, where she successfully ran for another term in 2014. At the national level she is only a member of the party executive ( bureau national ) of the PS.

Aubry, however, is still considered an influential politician within the PS at the national level. She was featured in the media at the end of 2013 as a possible candidate for Prime Ministerial if François Hollande were to reshuffle the government. When the government was reshuffled in March 2014, however, the office went to Manuel Valls . In polls she is rated as one of the most popular politicians on the left.

In November 2012, an official investigation was launched against Aubry on suspicion of negligent bodily harm and homicide. She was accused of having tolerated inadequate legal protective measures for workers against asbestos during her time as director for industrial relations in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in the early 1980s , possibly under the influence of a lobby organization. Aubry rejected the allegations and stressed that she, like other state institutions, was of the opinion that the protective measures taken were sufficient. At the end of February 2013, the Paris Public Prosecutor's Office applied to the competent court of appeal to suspend the proceedings against Aubry and other suspects, contrary to the position of the responsible investigating judge. On May 17, 2013, the appeals court in Paris closed the proceedings.

At the end of 2014, Aubry called for a change in the economic policy of the Valls / Hollande government, and spoke out in favor of a new social democracy without economic liberalism and social liberalism . This was seen as support for the frondeurs , the opposition to the President and Prime Minister within the parliamentary group in the Assemblée national and the party. For the Congress of the Parti Socialiste in Poitiers, however, she joined the group around the incumbent first secretary Jean-Christophe Cambadélis and not the frondeurs . At the beginning of 2016, Aubry and others published an appeal under the title Sortir de l'impasse ( Way out of the impasse ), which called for a fundamental change in the political orientation of the left compared to the course of the Hollande / Valls government.

Aubry was traded as an applicant for a presidential candidacy in 2017 , which she herself regularly denied. In polls, she was a favorite for the socialists' primaries. In mid-August 2016, she definitely ruled out any candidacy.

education

• School time in a boarding school
• Completion of a license in economics
• Graduate of the Institute for Social Sciences and Labor
• Graduated from the Paris Institute for Political Studies in 1972
• Graduate of the ENA (from 1973 to 1975), in the final class "Léon Blum"

career

• 1975–1979: Representative under the Head of the Employment Relationship Bureau
• 1981: Adviser on technical issues at the Ministry of Labor
• 1983: Deputy Office Manager for the Minister Delegate for Social Affairs in the Ministry of Labor
• 1984: Commissioner in the Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity
• 1987: Rapporteur in the State Council
• 1989–1991: Vice-President of the Péchiney Group, headed by Jean Gandois, later Chairman of the CNPF
• 1991–1993: Minister for Labor and Education of the Governments under Édith Cresson and Pierre Bérégovoy
• 1993: Founding chairwoman of the Agir contre l'exclusion Foundation (FACE)
• 1995: Deputy Mayor of Lille
• 1997: MP for the North Department
• 1997–2000: Minister for Labor and Solidarity
• Since 2001: Mayor of Lille and Economic Development Officer of the Association of Municipalities, Chair of the Louis Pasteur Institute of the city and Chair of the group organizing the events for the 2004 European Capital of Culture election
• 2008–2012: Première Secrétaire (party leader) of the Parti Socialiste

Publications

• Le choix d'agir , 1994 (The decision to act)
• Petit Dictionnaire pour lutter contre l'extrême-droite , 1994 (Small encyclopedia in the fight against right-wing extremism)
• Il est grand temps , 1997 (It's the big time)
• Loi d'Orientation et d'Incitation à la Réduction du Temps de Travail , 1998 (Guideline and recommendation for reducing weekly working hours)
• C'est quoi la solidarité? , 2000 (What does solidarity mean?)
• L'important c'est la santé , 2003 (The importance of health)
• Culture Toujours , 2004 (Culture again and again)
• Une vision pour espérer, une volonté pour transformer , 2004 (A vision of hope, a will to change)
• Un nouvel art de ville: le projet urbain de Lille , 2005 (Novel urban art: urban planning projects in Lille)

Web links

Commons : Martine Aubry  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Election campaign in France - Green illumination. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (online), September 17, 2011, accessed on September 17, 2011 . 
2. ^ French socialists - a role model for the SPD. Handelsblatt (online), October 10, 2011, accessed on October 10, 2011 . 
3. ^ French socialists: François Hollande will challenge Nicolas Sarkozy. Die Welt (online), October 16, 2011, accessed on October 16, 2011 . 
4. ^ Anne Rovan: Matignon: les trois options d'Hollande. Le Figaro, May 7, 2012, accessed May 9, 2012 (French). 
5. ↑ Nicolas Barotte: Aubry, la grande absente du gouvernement Ayrault. Le Figaro, May 16, 2012, accessed May 22, 2012 (French). 
6. ^ Communiqué de Jean-Marc Ayrault and Martine Aubry. (No longer available online.) Parti Socialiste, September 12, 2012, archived from the original on September 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 12, 2012 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ^ François-Xavier Bourmaud: Martine Aubry en réserve de Matignon. Le Figaro (online), November 20, 2013, accessed January 14, 2014 . 
8. ↑ Affaire de l'amiante: Martine Aubry mise en examen pour "homicides involontaires". Le Huffington Post, November 6, 2012, accessed April 4, 2013 (French). 
9. ↑ Emeline Cazi: Amiante: le parquet général demande l'annulation de la mise en examen de Martine Aubry. Le Monde.fr, February 27, 2013, accessed April 4, 2013 (French). 
10. ↑ Amiante: la mise en examen d'Aubry annulée. Le Monde.fr, May 17, 2013, accessed May 18, 2013 (French). 
11. ^ PS: Aubry demande à Hollande une "réorientation de la politique économique". Le Parisien, October 19, 2014, accessed August 20, 2015 (French). 
12. ↑ Julien Chabrout: Congrès du PS: Martine Aubry et Claude Bartolone en tandem. Le Figaro.fr, April 24, 2015, accessed on August 20, 2015 (French). 
13. ↑ «Trop, c'est trop! »: La charge de Martine Aubry versus François Hollande et Manuel Valls. In: Le Monde (online). February 24, 2016, accessed December 25, 2016 (French). 
14. ^ Marie-Pierre Haddad: Présidentielle 2017: comment Martine Aubry prépare le terrain avec sa propre université d'été. In: RTL (online). June 9, 2016, accessed December 25, 2016 (French). 
15. ↑ Aubry candidate à la presidential 2017? "Ce n'est pas mon projet". In: France 3 Nord Pas-de-Calais. February 25, 2016, accessed December 25, 2016 (French). 
16. ↑ Arnaud Focraud: Pour 2017, les sympathisants de gauche comptent sur Martine Aubry. In: Europe 1 / Le Journal de dimanche. April 6, 2016, accessed December 25, 2016 (French). 
17. ↑ Martine Aubry ne sera pas candidate à la primaire du Parti socialiste. In: Le Monde (online). August 19, 2016, accessed December 25, 2016 (French).