General election in France 2012
The 2012 parliamentary elections in France were scheduled for June 10th and 17th and resulted in the election of the 14th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic of France . On May 6, 2012, the runoff election for the French presidential election 2012 took place; François Hollande ( PS ) won it. 577 MPs have now been elected from all parts of the country, including those from overseas . The PS emerged as the clear winner from the election. With 280 seats it just missed the absolute majority (289 seats); together with its closest ally, the Parti radical de gauche (12 mandates), it had 292 seats. This gave Hollande and the socialists, with their allies, a majority in both chambers of parliament, at least until the next Senate election in September 2014.
Peculiarities of this choice
The elections were characterized by two innovations. The constituencies were redistributed in view of the demographic change in the country; the total number of parliamentary seats remained unchanged. According to the law, the number of inhabitants per department should reflect the number of seats that are elected per department, which could not be complied with in the previous election (2007): In the last election, one vote of a inhabitant in the Lozère department had more weight than three Votes from voters in the Bouches-du-Rhône department , three votes in Saône-et-Loire corresponded to five in La Réunion . A study indicated that the reallocation would increase the number of seats in the center-right coalition under the UMP compared to the seats on the left by around two percent or nine seats, with the same vote .
Second, in this election, for the first time, the 1.5 million French outside France were allowed to vote in accordance with Article 24 of the 2008 reformed constitution and hold eleven seats. In the past, these French citizens were represented in parliament by only twelve senators, elected by the Assembly of French Abroad ( Assemblée des Français de l'étranger (AFE)). The twelve senators remained unchanged. For the election of the eleven seats in the National Assembly, eleven constituencies were formed, each comprising several states. The Switzerland and Liechtenstein form the sixth constituency, Germany and Austria are among other states for the seventh constituency .
One MP was elected in each constituency . In the first ballot, anyone who had achieved more than half of the valid votes was elected, provided that their number of votes was at least 25% of the number of eligible voters in the constituency. If no candidate was chosen in the first ballot, a second ballot took place one week later (June 17th). Candidates who had submitted their candidacy declaration by Tuesday after the first ballot and whose number of votes in the first ballot was at least 12.5% of the number of eligible voters in the constituency could take part in this. If no or only one candidate reached this hurdle, there was a runoff between the two candidates with the most votes in the first ballot. A simple majority is sufficient in the second ballot.
Parties and election campaign
Candidates who had joined any of the 44 parties registered with the French Ministry of the Interior were able to benefit from state party funding . A total of 6,611 candidates were registered, including 2,641 (40%) women.
The larger parties available for election are essentially the same as in the presidential election:
- Union pour un mouvement popular (UMP) - conservative
- Nouveau Center (NC) - centrist-liberal
- Parti Socialiste (PS) - social democratic
- Parti radical de gauche (PRG) - left-liberal
- Europe Écologie-Les Verts (EELV) - green
- Mouvement démocrate (MoDem) - centrist-liberal (started as Center pour la France )
- Front National (FN) - nationalistic
- Front de gauche (FDG) - left socialist-communist
On May 12, Jean-Luc Mélenchon , the former presidential candidate of the left Front de gauche, announced that he would run as a candidate in the eleventh constituency of the Pas-de-Calais department . Marine Le Pen , chairwoman of the right-wing extremist Front National , ran for election in this constituency . On May 18, 2012, the Front de gauche also announced that it wanted to withdraw its candidates in two constituencies (seventh constituency in the Moselle department and first constituency in the Aube department ) in order to avoid the success of a candidate from the left spectrum due to excessive fragmentation to endanger the voices.
Most polls predicted a victory for the Socialist Party and its allies.
Despite a 17.9% share of the vote in the first round of the previous presidential election in April 2012, it was by no means unlikely that the Front National would not get a single one of the 577 seats in parliament due to the majority vote . The same was true of Mouvement démocrate , whose candidate received 9.1% of the vote in the presidential election. However, the Green Party had concluded an electoral agreement with the PS , according to which the socialists in 60 constituencies would refrain from nominating their own candidate and want to support the Green candidate, so that at least 15 MPs seemed almost certain to them. This was the minimum number for a parliamentary group to be formed in the National Assembly.
Results
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In the first ballot, a total of 36 candidates achieved an absolute majority in their constituency and were thus elected. Among these 36 deputies were 22 candidates from the Parti socialiste . In the second ballot, there was a runoff election in the remaining 541 constituencies. The voters had to choose between two candidates in 495 constituencies and between 3 candidates in 46 constituencies.
Before the second round of voting, the guerre des roses (war of the roses ) between the ex-partner of the French president and mother of his four children, Ségolène Royal and his current partner Valérie Trierweiler, caused quite a stir in the French press . Royal was nominated as a candidate by the Socialist Party in the supposedly safe constituency 1 (La Rochelle) of the Charente-Maritime department . After the election she was slated for the office of President of Parliament. However, not all local socialist politicians agreed with this candidate, who had been decreed from Paris, and presented Olivier Falorni as a local socialist opponent who was promptly excluded from the PS. The matter became explosive nationwide when it became known that Trierweiler had praised Falorni on Twitter as "good luck" in his election campaign and his "selfless commitment to the side of the people of La Rochelle".
In the second ballot, a candidate from the radical left Front de gauche stood for election in a total of 22 constituencies, and a Front national candidate made it into the second ballot in 61 constituencies .
The turnout in the second ballot was around 56% and thus lower than it has been for many years. The left parties won a total of 341 seats, with the Parti Socialiste alone, with its closest ally, the Parti radical de gauche, winning the absolute majority (292 of 577 seats).
Two candidates from the Front National were elected, one being Marion Maréchal-Le Pen , the 22-year-old granddaughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of Marine Le Pen with 42.1% of the vote in the third constituency of the Vaucluse department and Gilbert Collard with 42.8% of the vote in the second constituency of Gard . Marine Le Pen himself lost the duel against the socialist candidate Philippe Kemel in the 11th constituency of Pas-de-Calais with 49.9 against 50.1% (her prominent challenger Jean-Luc Mélenchon was eliminated after the first ballot). Ségolène Royal lost 37.0% to 63.0% of the vote against their non-party, formerly socialist opponent Olivier Falorni. François Bayrou , the party leader of Mouvement démocrate / Le Center pour la France lost his constituency in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department , which he had held continuously since 1988, in a three-way duel to the MoDem-PS-UMP with 30.2% of the votes Socialist candidates.
| political parties |
Votes (first ballot) |
Votes (second ballot) |
Seats | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutely | in % | Elected MPs |
absolutely | in % | Elected MPs |
Elected MPs |
in % | |||
| Extreme left | 253,580 | 0.98 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| Front de gauche (FG) | 1,792,923 | 6.91 | 0 | 249,525 | 1.08 | 10 | 10 | 1.73 | ||
| Parti socialiste (PS) | 7,617,996 | 29.35 | 22nd | 9,420,426 | 40.91 | 258 | 280 | 47.31 | ||
| Parti radical de gauche (PRG) | 429.059 | 1.65 | 1 | 538.324 | 2.34 | 11 | 12 | 2.08 | ||
| Various lefts ( Divers gauche ) | 881 339 | 3.40 | 1 | 709,409 | 3.08 | 21st | 22nd | 3.81 | ||
| Europe Ecologie-Les Verts (EELV) | 1,418,141 | 5.46 | 1 | 828.916 | 3.60 | 16 | 17th | 2.77 | ||
| Regional parties | 145.825 | 0.56 | 0 | 135.354 | 0.59 | 2 | 2 | 0.35 | ||
| Green parties | 249.205 | 0.96 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| Other | 133,729 | 0.52 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| Le Center pour la France (CEN) | 458.046 | 1.76 | 0 | 113.196 | 0.49 | 2 | 2 | 0.35 | ||
| Alliance centriste (ALLI) | 156.026 | 0.60 | 0 | 123.352 | 0.54 | 2 | 2 | 0.35 | ||
| Parti radical valoisien (PRV) | 321.054 | 1.24 | 0 | 311.211 | 1.35 | 6th | 6th | 1.04 | ||
| Nouveau Center (NCE) | 569,890 | 2.20 | 1 | 568.288 | 2.47 | 11 | 12 | 2.08 | ||
| Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) | 7,037,471 | 27.12 | 9 | 8,740,625 | 37.95 | 185 | 194 | 33.10 | ||
| Various rights ( Divers droite ) | 910.392 | 3.51 | 1 | 418.135 | 1.82 | 14th | 15th | 2.60 | ||
| Front National (FN) | 3,528,373 | 13.60 | 0 | 842,684 | 3.66 | 2 | 2 | 0.35 | ||
| Extreme rights | 49.501 | 0.19 | 0 | 29,738 | 0.13 | 1 | 1 | 0.17 | ||
| Registered voters | 46.083.260 | 100.0 | 43,234,000 | 100.0 | ||||||
| Non-voters | 19,709,961 | 42.77 | 19.276.406 | 44.59 | ||||||
| Voting total | 26,373,299 | 57.23 | 23,957,594 | 55.41 | ||||||
| Invalid votes and blank ballot papers | 420,749 | 0.91 | 928.411 | 2.15 | ||||||
| Total votes | 25,952,550 | 56.32 | 23,029,183 | 53.27 | ||||||
| Source: Ministry of the Interior | ||||||||||
Overall, the election result was a great victory for the Parti socialiste and its allies (EELV, Divers gauche , Parti radical de gauche ). In the National Assembly, President François Hollande thus had a comfortable presidential majority of 331 members (57.4%). The conservative-bourgeois and liberal camp (UMP, Divers droite , Nouveau Center , Parti radical valoisien , Alliance centriste , Mouvement démocrate ) had 231 seats (40.0%). The Front National won 2 and the Communist Front de gauche 10 seats.
Redials
Due to successful election challenges, the French constitutional court, the Conseil constitutionel , annulled the election results in three constituencies on October 18 and 24. Affected were the 6th constituency of Hérault (decision no. 2012-4590), the 1st constituency of Val-de-Marne (decision no. 2012-4565 / 4567/4568/4574/4575/4576/4577 AN) and the 13th constituency of Hauts-de-Seine (decision n ° 2012-4563 / 4600 AN). Two members of the UMP and one member of the PS lost their parliamentary seats. By-elections were held in the three constituencies in December 2012, in which the UMP candidates were able to prevail.
cabinet
On the day of his inauguration, May 15, 2012, Hollande appointed Jean-Marc Ayrault as Prime Minister . Ayrault presented a transitional government on May 15, 2012 . This transitional government only held office until the parliamentary elections in June 2012. After the second ballot on June 17, 2012, Ayrault resigned with his government a day later. Immediately thereafter, Hollande reappointed Ayrault as Prime Minister. On June 21, 2012 Ayrault presented his new government ( Ayrault II cabinet ), which remained largely unchanged and remained in office until her resignation on March 31, 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Les dates de la présidentielle 2012 fixées in: Le Figaro of May 11, 2011
- ↑ Le Conseil constitutionnel valid le redécoupage législatif ( Memento of December 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), Agence France-Presse , February 18, 2010
- ↑ Étude sur le redécoupage électoral: Une initiative de Regards Citoyens , December 14, 2009
- ↑ Full text ( Memento from November 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Elections législatives. Votre circonscription pour l'élection des députés ( Memento of July 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Code électoral , Article L126
- ↑ a b Code électoral , Article L162
- ↑ Législatives: 40% de femmes candidates. Le Figaro , May 19, 2012, accessed February 17, 2016 (French).
- ^ "Mélenchon officialise sa candidature against Marine Le Pen à Hénin-Beaumont". L'Express , May 12, 2012, accessed June 9, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Le PG se retire de 2 circonscriptions. Le Figaro , May 18, 2012, accessed June 9, 2012 (French).
- ↑ 2012: le PS plébiscite l'accord avec EELV. Le Nouvelle Observateur, accessed June 10, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Parliamentary elections in France: First practical test for Hollande ( Memento from August 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Valérie Trierweiler: The rebellious première lady. Bonner Generalanzeiger, June 15, 2012, accessed on June 16, 2012 .
- ^ Trierweiler - Royal: la presse britannique ironise on "la guerre des roses". Le Parisien, June 13, 2012, accessed June 16, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Le Pen's granddaughter wins parliamentary seat in France ( Memento from June 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Right-wing extremist Le Pen missed entry into parliament in France. Zeit.de, June 17, 2012, accessed on June 18, 2012 .
- ↑ Fabien Jannic: Segolene Royal battue par Olivier Falorni in La Rochelle. Slate.fr, June 17, 2012, accessed June 18, 2012 (French).
- ^ Legislatives: François Bayrou a perdu son siège. June 17, 2012, accessed June 18, 2012 (French).
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