Martinsmünster (Colmar)
The Roman Catholic (former) collegiate church Saint-Martin ( Collégiale Saint-Martin ), often called Martinsmünster , is the dominant religious building in the city of Colmar in Alsace and one of the most important Gothic buildings in the Haut-Rhin department . Today it serves as a parish church (French église paroissiale ). After the French Revolution , it was briefly the cathedral of a diocese and is sometimes still referred to as Cathédrale Saint-Martin . The present building was built from 1234 to 1365, the striking crown of the bell tower was for a roof brand in 1572 in the Renaissance placed style.
history
Remains of the first predecessor church, built around the year 1000, were uncovered in 1972. It was a three-aisled church with a transept and a flat, closed choir . A west building that was added later could be proven during the excavations . Foundations were also found for the second, Romanesque predecessor church. Its apsidial closed choir already had the width of today's inner choir, the side apses connected to a transept of today's dimensions.
In 1234 the Bishop of Basel elevated the parish church consecrated to St. Martin to a collegiate monastery with 16 canons (1245). This was obviously the reason for the new building, which probably began in 1234 with the no longer existing choir. A 5/8 choir is assumed , as was customary in late Romanesque Upper Rhine . The eastern crossing pillars still show late Romanesque plinth forms, so that it can be assumed that the transition to Gothic architecture only took place in the transept, the oldest surviving component. At the southern transept portal, the so-called Nikolausportal, is the inscribed figure of “Master Humbert” ( Maistre Hunbret ), who is considered to be the master builder - architect of this component. The nave with its sturdy cantoned pillars comes from the second half of the 13th century. The west facade reveals the influence of the west building of Basel Minster . In the middle of the 14th century the choir was built, for which 1,350 pieces of land were purchased. According to an inscription, the crossing vault was built in 1491.
Several of the church's relatively small portals are walled up. The largest in the tympanum are richly decorated with figures. The west portal shows the adoration of the Magi and the Last Judgment , in Wimperg Saint Martin appears with the coat donation. The south transept portal depicts the legend of St. Nicholas , and above it is another depiction of the Last Judgment. In the archivolts , Master Humbert is shown with an angle .
The colored tile roof , which is reminiscent of that of the Münster zu Thann, is striking .
The massive supporting pillars of the facade give the building a somewhat clumsy aspect at the front, which contrasts with the airy appearance of the high late Gothic choir windows.
The unusual external details of the building include two " Judensäue ", one as a gargoyle and the other as a portal figure.
Excavation finds of the previous buildings
Tympanum of the west facade
Tympanum of the south transverse facade
Choir
A Colmar Jewish pig
Main portal of the west facade
Vault to the south of the ambulatory, 3rd chapel from the west, keystone with sheet mask around 1400
Furnishing
In the spacious interior, which suffered severe losses in furnishings due to the French Revolution, the ambulatory with a dense chapel wreath, which is unique in Alsace, as well as the preserved medieval sculptures (altar, Madonna) and lead glass windows (beardless Christ head above the north portal of the facade, early 13th century ) are remarkable . Century).
organ
The organ front from 1755, which was created by Johann Andreas Silbermann , is also remarkable . The instrument was replaced in 1979 by a contemporary instrument made by Orgelbau Felsberg AG. It has 48 stops on three manuals and a pedal .
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- Coupling : I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P.
From 1837 to 1854 the German musician Martin Vogt was choirmaster and organist in the Martinsmünster. According to concert organist Gerd Hofstadt, Vogt was the most published composer of church music in Alsace and northern Switzerland .
Peal
The main chime consists of eight bells , which were cast in the years 1817 (Edel bell foundry), 1976/78 (Heidelberg bell foundry) and 1990 (Karlsruhe bell and art foundry). The chimes of the bells are g 0 , b 0 , d 1 , f 1 , g 1 , b 1 , c 2 and d 2 .
Dimensions
The dimensions of the building are
- Inner length: 78 meters
- Interior height: 20 meters
- Inside width in the transept: 34 meters
- Height of the tower: 71 meters
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Anstett. The Martin Minster in Colmar. Berlin 1966, p. 22.
- ↑ Assall, Paul: Jews in Alsace , Elster Publishing Moos, 1984, ISBN 3-89151-000-4
- ↑ More information about the organ ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Video recording of a partial ring without bourdon
- ^ HB-Kunstführer , Straßburg - Colmar - Elsaß , 1986, ISBN 3-616-06560-8 , corrected ISBN 3-616-06520-8
Web links
literature
- Peter Anstett: The Martinsmünster zu Colmar: Contribution to the history of Gothic church building in Alsace . Mann, Berlin 1966.
Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ 38 ″ N , 7 ° 21 ′ 30 ″ E