Max Askanazy

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Max Askanazy (born February 24, 1865 in Stallupönen , † October 23, 1940 in Geneva ) was a Swiss pathologist and oncologist of German origin.

Max Askanazy, Koenigsberg

Life

Max Askanazy, a member of the Jewish religious community , was born on February 24, 1865 in Stallupönen as the son of Joseph Samuel Askanazy and the nanny born Ashkanazy. He attended with his brother Selly Askanazy (1866-1940 - general practitioner in East Prussia - emigration to Spain) the Kneiphöfsche Gymnasium in Königsberg and served with him as a reserve officer in the Prussian army. Askanazy began studying medicine at the University of Königsberg , which he completed in 1890 with the academic degree of Dr. med. completed. Subsequently he worked there until 1895 at the Pathological Institute under Ernst Neumann (1834-1918). After his habilitation in 1894, he initially taught as a private lecturer , and since 1903 as titular professor for general pathology, pathological anatomy and mycology at the University of Königsberg.

In 1905 he followed the call to the University of Geneva to succeed Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn (1845–1904) as professor of pathology. Askanazy held this position until his retirement in 1939. In addition, Max Askanazy founded the International Society for Geographical Pathology in 1928. In addition to his professional activity, Askanazy held a well-known series of lectures on the subject of "Art and Science" in Königsberg. Here he compared the activity of the scientific researcher with that of the artist: the artist's imagination plays the role of an assistant to science. From her knowledge she inspires science to recognize problem solutions:

"If science is primarily called to make observations and to construct theories from them, then intuition, which can be compared with the artist's imagination, is also indispensable." (Askanazy, quoted by Huebschmann 1958).

Max Askanazy was married to Stéphanie Elisabeth Maria nee Gerstel. He died on October 23, 1940, four months before he would have turned 76 in Geneva. The marriage remained childless.

Act

Max Askanazy, author of around 170 publications , dealt primarily with the hematopoietic system, bone pathology, the pathology of the endocrine glands and tumors , inflammation and the pathogenic effects of animal parasites :

As a profound connoisseur of blood pathology, he wrote the section on "bone marrow and blood formation" in the well-known textbook by O. Lubarsch and F. Henke. Like his teacher, he was “Unitarian”: The “lymphoid marrow cell” in the bone marrow, which his teacher Ernst Neumann first described in Königsberg in 1868/69, is also the postembryonic blood stem cell for all blood cell rows and thus of decisive importance for blood pathology. In the research area of ​​parasitology he discovered a previously unknown parasite: the liver fluke (Ophisthorchis felineus). Influenced by the Königsberg zoologist Maximilian Braun , Askanazy discovered that the larvae of the leech are found in the fish meat of various fish in the Curonian Lagoon and can get into the human body when eating raw fish. The liver fluke not only causes an infection of the bile ducts, but this infection can develop into bile duct carcinoma (Krauspe). Askanazy presented his most important findings about the parasites in a chapter of Aschoff's textbook (Askanazy 1914).

The indication that an infection can develop into a malignant tumor prompted Askanazy to set up experimental tumor research. In animal experiments, he provided evidence that arsenic caused cancer (1926). One of the first publications from the Königsberg time dealt with tumors of the ovary (dermoid cysts). He recognized these tumors as "teratomas".

Thanks to his worldwide relationships, the Königsberg Institute and later the Geneva Institute of Pathology in particular experienced a decisive boom under his leadership.

Max Askanazy saw the central task of pathology in the systematization of the causes of disease . In doing so, he broke through the predominant limitation in his subject to morphology , which gave carcinoma research decisive impulses. Askenazy's "4 factor theory of tumor genesis " traces the development of a carcinoma back to the interaction of:

Honors

Fonts

  • General etiology (causal genesis) II. External causes of illness on the subject of parasites. In: L. Aschoff: Pathological Anatomy. Textbook. 4th edition. Volume 1, G. Fischer Verlag, Jena 1914, pp. 136-309.
  • Ernst Neumann. In: Central sheet for general pathology and pathological anatomy. 29, 1918, pp. 409-421.
  • The bone marrow. In: F. Henke, O. Lubarsch: Handbook of special pathological anatomy and histology. Part II, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1927, pp. 775-1082.
  • Ernst Neumann. 1/30/1834-6/3/1918. In: Negotiations of the German Society for Pathology. 28, 1935, pp. 363-372.

literature

  • Lazare Benaroyo: Askanazy, Max. In: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz .
  • Eugène Bujard: Max Askanazy 1865-1940 . In: Charles Borgeaud; Paul-E. Martin: Histoire de l'Université de Genève , 4, Annexes: historique des facultés et des instituts: 1914–1956, Genève: Georg 1959, pp. 237–239.
  • P. Huebschmann: Max Askanazy. In: East Prussian family of doctors. No. 3, Advent Circular 1958, Part III, What We Always Want To Preserve, pp. 11-12.
  • C. Krauspe: The establishment of a separate chair for general pathology and pathological anatomy at the Albertus University. In: East Prussian family of doctors. No. 1, Easter Circular 1969, Supplement No. VII, pp. 15-19.
  • E. Neumann-Redlin von Meding: The "blood relationship" between Geneva and Königsberg. In: Königsberger Bürgerbrief. No. 80 (2012), pp. 52-53.
  • Avi Ohry: Professor Max Askanazy (1865-1940): from Königsberg (Prussia) to Geneva. In: J. Med. Biogr. May, No. 19, 2011, pp. 70-72.
  • Erwin Rutishauser: Necrologica de M. Askanazy. In: Switzerland. Journal of General Pathology and Bacteriology. Volume 4, Basel 1941, pp. 174-176.
  • Erwin Rutishauser: Max Askanazy. In: Swiss Medical Yearbook. 1941, pp. XIX-XXVI.
  • Max Askanazy 1865-1940 , Genève 1943 (commemorative publication after his death in 1940).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Askanazy, Max
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss pathologist and oncologist
DATE OF BIRTH February 24, 1865
PLACE OF BIRTH Stallupönen
DATE OF DEATH October 23, 1940
Place of death Geneva