Tit bullfinch

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Tit bullfinch
Male of the titmouse (Carpodacus sibiricus)

Male of the titmouse ( Carpodacus sibiricus )

Systematics
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Family : Finches (Fringillidae)
Subfamily : Goldfinches (Carduelinae)
Tribe : Carpodacini
Genre : Carrion Pickle ( Carpodacus )
Type : Tit bullfinch
Scientific name
Carpodacus sibiricus
( Pallas , 1773)
Female of the tit bullfinch
Titmouse's egg

The titmouse bullfinch ( Carpodacus sibiricus , Syn .: Uragus sibiricus ) is a species of bird from the finch family and, before it was incorporated into the genus of the carmine, the only representative of the genus Uragus . The type owes its name to the German long for finch tail, which is somewhat similar to the long-tailed tit gives or even (in the kurzschwänzigeren subspecies) with other chickadees. Titmouse bulls inhabit large parts of the temperate zone of Asia.

description

Appearance

The habitus of the 16-18 cm long titfinch is similar to the other Carpodacus species, but is noticeable for its very long tail, the length of which can vary greatly depending on the subspecies. It is to this feature that it owes its resemblance to the titmouse itself and in particular the tail tit - also in movement and behavior - and thus its name. The pale yellow beak resembles that of the carmine raspberry , but is more powerful. In addition, the lower beak has a clear gony angle and behind it an arched lower edge.

In the breeding dress, the male shows a very strong and dark carmine red at the base of the beak and in front of the eye except for the forehead. A dark stripe runs down in an arc behind the eye and surrounds the light cheeks. The head cap and neck are set off from it in whitish or light gray, as are the cheeks and throat, which, however, are usually also tinged with an intense pink. The carmine-red color is also found on the sides of the neck, on the rump and on the chest. On the flanks and on the rear torso as well as on the leg fletching it decreases in intensity, sometimes to a whitish color. In the breeding dress, the carmine-red areas are particularly intense in color up to purple in the subspecies C. s. sanguinolentus . The head drawing is particularly rich in contrast. In winter plumage, the basic color of the male on the head, underside and neck is whitish, the otherwise dark pink to carmine-red areas are rather pale pink and less extensive.

The back bears the dark stripes typical of many finches, interspersed with carmine red in some subspecies (e.g. the nominate form ), but predominantly dark gray-brown in others (e.g. C. s. Lepidus ). With these, the back is colored and drawn down to the top of the head. There may also be a slight stripe on the chest. It continues on the shoulders. Underneath there is a noticeable white cross band and at the lower edge of the otherwise dark arm cover a second one, which can be a bit narrower. These two bands are quite conspicuous and not dissimilar to the drawing of the chaffinch in the female and in juvenile dress . The arm wings are mostly dark, the inner arm wings are more or less broadly lined with light. When the wings are folded, they form a bright field that is particularly white in the male in breeding plumage. The dark tail, which is about the length of the trunk, shows conspicuous white outer edges.

The female shows a much more inconspicuous, rather gray-beige to whitish coloration with clear stripes, at best the breast and rump are tinged with reddish brown. Young birds are predominantly gray-brown in color.

The titmouse bullfinch can be confused with the rare rose- tailed bullfinch ( Urocynchramus pylzowi ), which has a similarly long tail and is otherwise very similar. It lacks the contrasting light head sections, the white drawing of the wings and the dark carmine red in the drawing of the face.

Vocalizations

The reputation of Meis Gimpel is a melodic, mostly trisyllabic trill of a little of the one Dunnock recalls and pi-ju-iin , su-su-wi wi swi-o chi-wi-o is described. Likewise, an ascending sit-it-it or wid-wid-wid is uttered (audio sample). The subspecies U. s. sanguinolentus calls soft and fluting hwit-hwot . The alarm call is reminiscent of that of the chaffinch.

The singing (audio sample) consists of a small stanza of babbling trills (e.g. wridida-wridide-wruidi ), which is repeated several times. It is compared with those of the crossbill (only stronger) and dunnock.

During flight, a bright metallic prürr-prürr-prürr can be heard in time with the beat of the wings, which carries relatively far and can also be heard through dense undergrowth. This flight noise presumably serves to maintain contact with conspecifics and can apparently also be suppressed. It is believed that the tapered ninth hand swing creates the sound.

Distribution and existence

The distribution area of ​​the Meisengimpels lies in the eastern part of the Palearctic and extends from western Siberia to the southern part of Sakhalin , over the Kuril Islands and to Hokkaidō . In the south, it spreads to Mongolia , northeast China and North Korea . There is a relatively small, isolated occurrence in the Chinese mountain regions east of Tibet.

The titmouse is a partial puller . The northern populations usually move to southern regions during the first frost. In winter it can therefore also be found in Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan and Central China .

Evidence is very rare in Europe. Since this species is also very popular with bird keepers, most of them are mostly captive refugees.

Figures on the inventory are missing Since the species is described as very widespread in many parts of the extensive breeding area and is only rare in places, it is not considered endangered.

Subspecies

Way of life

The titmouse colonizes moist woody trees or light forests with a lot of undergrowth. These are preferably located in river valleys and consist mostly of pine, birch and alder, but also of thorn bushes, willow, larch or poplar. It can also be found in open bushland, grassland, reed beds and wet meadows. Mostly single birds or pairs can be observed. These usually move very clandestinely in the thicket, but the male sings during the breeding season for exposed waiting.

Especially after the breeding season, smaller clusters of up to 15 individuals form and look for food in more open terrain, for example in the fringes of tall trees. Like the goldfinch, this is often picked from fruit and seed stands hanging from perennials and consists mostly of small seeds, but also of larger plant seeds such as B. mugwort . The long tail enables particularly skillful movement.

literature

  • P. Clement, A. Harris, J. Davis: Finches and Sparrows. Helm Identification Guides, London 1993/1999, ISBN 0-7136-5203-9 .
  • H.-H. Bergmann, N. Anthes, A. Hegemann, J.-O. War: bird portrait - the titmouse. In: The falcon. 50, 2003, p. 82ff.
  • J. Hanzák, I. Neunfeldt: Birds of the tundras, forests and steppes. Artia Publishing House, Prague 1990, OCLC 256568065 .
  • LA Portenko, J. Stübs in E. Streseman et al .: Atlas of the distribution of Palearctic birds. Delivery 5, 1976, (PDF; 392 kB) .
  • A. Arnaiz-Villena, J. Guillén, V. Ruiz-del-Valle, E. Lowy, J. Zamora, P. Varela, D. Stefani, LM Allende: Phylogeography of crossbills, bullfinches, grosbeaks, and rosefinches . In: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. Vol. 58, 2001, pp. 1159-1166. (PDF; 277 kB) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Clement et al .: Finches and Sparrows. 1999, p. 267.
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ [2]
  4. ↑ a b Clement et al .: Finches and Sparrows. 1999, p. 265.
  5. ↑ Bergmann et al .: Vogelportrait - Der Meisengimpel. 2003, p. 86.
  6. ↑ Bergmann et al .: Vogelportrait - Der Meisengimpel. 2003, p. 85.
  7. ↑ documents z. B. on Portland 1991 and 1998 Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.portlandbirdobs.org.uk
  8. ↑ Information from the IUCN, s. Web links

Web links

Commons : Carpodacus sibiricus  - Collection of images, videos and audio files