Merklingen (because of the city)
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Merklingen
City Weil der Stadt
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| Height : | 393 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 15.96 km² |
| Residents : | 5771 (Sep 30, 2007) |
| Population density : | 362 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 71263 |
| Area code : | 07033 |
Merklingen is located in Baden-Württemberg in the Stuttgart region in the Boeblingen district . The place is the second largest district of Weil der Stadt .
geography
Merklingen is located in the Würmtal in the so-called Heckengäu . In the northeast, stretched slopes with extensive arable land, hedges and stately wooded areas stretch to the Stuttgart area. In the southwest, wooded slopes rise steeply and merge into the Black Forest. The Würm, which flows into the Nagold in Pforzheim, flows around Merklingen in an arc on the east and north sides. The townscape is shaped by the fortified church.
history
Finds during excavation work suggest that there were individual settled arable farmers and cattle breeders in Merklingen as early as the Neolithic Age.
Alemannic Period (260-500)
Probably also in Merklingen an Alemannic freeman ruled as a village superior and leader of the Hundreds, if the relatively large Merklingen marking area can be used as a yardstick. In Merklingen, however, no high aristocratic family has yet been found, as is the case with B. succeeded for Heimsheim . Nevertheless, a Merklinger hundred is not excluded, and the legendary Markilo, who is said to have given the place its name, could be classified here.
The fact that Merklingen was an Alamannic primeval village is supported by both its final syllable "ingen", which refers to the old settler country, and that of Ed. Paul Alemannic tombs found here. At that time, the Alemannic manor could already have stood on today's stone house church area.
The fact that Merklingen is one of the original parishes can be deduced from its 1600 hectares of landmarks which, together with that of Malmsheim (950 hectares), extend over 2,600 hectares and with Hausen even more than 3000 hectares.
That both localities, Merklingen and Malmsheim, belonged together at that time, can almost be assumed from their common Franconian church saints, the only ones in the vicinity. The local church founders must have been Gallic priests from the Reims area, who, since Remigius is buried in his episcopal city, certainly brought his relics with them. Remigius was one of the most famous church leaders in Gaul at the time of Chlodowich. The same applies to the Malmsheim church saint, the Parisian bishop Germanus († 418).
Carolingian period (730-1025)
The Merklingen property was almost in the center of the new county and was already predominantly Calwian at that time. This is why it was first mentioned in a document in 1025 to this count's house. The Hirsau Codex , which was probably created later and in which the Hirsau monastery property is listed, shows a note about a Count Erlafried from Calw and his son Noting from Vercelli during the reign of Louis the Pious. Both are named there as the first founders of the Hirsau Benedictine Abbey. Around 830, Erlafried donated 3 hubs from his Merklingen property to his monastery, which was built exclusively from his own property. At that time that was 3 times 60 Merklinger acres of fields, forests and meadows.
The village is likely to have expanded a bit during this time without changing its structural structure: In the center the Romanesque lower church of the simple type, with a semicircular choir on the rectangular building of the ship, both in the immediate vicinity of the former manor house, which is now owned by a low-nobility Meier was operated as a servant of the neighboring Calw gentlemen. In the area some small farms and farmsteads that were owned by the public domain Hüfner and Halbhüfner.
It can be assumed that at that time the Calw count's house, or at least one of its aristocratic lines, was the owner of the church in Merklingen and the first landlord. In addition to their very modest income and the parish tithes, the pastors were also given certain income from a portion of stately land, which, however, required proper church service. The local farms probably also had large agricultural areas. A large part of the Merklingen land was owned by the aristocratic and ecclesiastical manors. All Merklingen farmers had to work 3 days a week on the Fronhof.
Salian Period (1025-1125)
At that time, the Calwers in the northern Black Forest had not only acquired large estates in Merklingen, but also in neighboring Weil , in Münklingen , Hausen and Schafhausen . The relationship between the local area and the neighboring county and the Hirsau monastery was very close. Most of the Merkling monastery estates probably still come from Adalbert's acquired property, i. H. from the time when the monastery was given local land by Erlafried when it was first founded. In contrast, all of the hamlets of Huben and those of the settlements of Blanda and Greggenbach were later donated by Adalbert.
The large number of smaller local nobility patrons is also remarkable. This is shown by the other donations from Merklingen to the monastery: In the year 1100 an Albert von Merklingen gave 3 acres to Merklinger land, a Werner von Merklingen a farm with 14 acres of fields and the Merklingen wealthy Hugo von Ostelsheim also donated a local farm. In addition to the predominantly Graefish-Calwian manorial rule, the monastery also had considerable property in Merklingen.
The political conditions in the Würmtal remained undisturbed under the Salians , who kept their sphere of influence in firm hands, as far as is known. The village of Merklingen survived this period without pillage or destruction. Certainly, the consequences of the concluded investiture dispute in rural communities such as Merklingen only had a slow impact . The ecclesiastical benefice system continued to flourish.
Staufisch-Habsburg period (1138-1347)
After the death of Henry V , the Swabian family of the Staufers inherited the Salian property with their rich estates in Alsace, Swabia and Franconia and came to the German royal throne in 1138. It was replaced by the Swiss Habsburgs in 1273.
The Hohenstaufen period had a significant influence on the further development of Merklingen. A comparison with Weil der Stadt can make this clear. After their time together in the Würmgau under the Counts of Calw, Weil was withdrawn from the influence of the Counts of Calw as the monastery of the Hirsau Abbey and came in two stages, 1223 and 1260, to the Staufers, who were Hirsau monks at the time. Merklingen, on the other hand, remained Count Calvian, presumably because the Counts of Calw transferred less land from Merklingen to their new monastery. In contrast to Weil, which was at the intersection of two traffic routes, the place had only one important, probably always much used road through the Würmtal to Pforzheim , which was not enough for a commercial center. The Staufen saw the favorable traffic situation as a prerequisite for its town elevation.
Merklingen came to the Ebersteiner under Gottfried in 1162 and later to the Zweibrücker counts under Simon. The place remained in the possession of these two families for 134 years. During this time, the village and castle Merklingen were mortgaged to Count Palatine Ludwig near Rheine and then pledged to Heinrich von Höfingen.
Even before the Herrenalb monastery had acquired local authority in Merklingen, it had already acquired local nobility rights there: in 1272 the patronage of the village church of St. Remigius including the fore-tenth and all other tithes of Ludwig von Liebenzell, a relative of the Calwer with the consent of Simon as Tenant. In addition, in 1290, with the consent of King Rudolf von Habsburg , the monastery acquired the Merklingen local property of Heinrich von Höfingen and Heinrich von Wiesloch's claims including interest from the hamlet of Schultheißen Gerlach. Further small acquisitions of local aristocratic property rights and districts followed. Since Count Simon had already received the feudal approval from Count Palatine Ludwig near Rheine in 1279 to sell the Merklingen Castle and the Count Palatine waived all rights in 1297, so the castle also came into the possession of the monastery when the village was acquired. The village was officially sold in 1296, when the sons Simons, Heinrich and Otto von Zweibrücken, their village Merklingen (Villa Nosta Merklingen) including the Fronhof with bailiff's rights, thief and sacrilege, tax, pastures, commons, fishing water and mills, Hostels and self-employed people sold to the Herrenalb monastery for 450 pounds sterling. The monastery also replaced Ute von Eberstein's obligation to the children of her sister, the Countess von Teck, and Heinrich von Höfingen's liens. After this main acquisition, Herrenalb bought the local landacht in fruit, chickens, geese and money from Conrad Schultheiß (called Ruf) from Weil, which he had acquired from Heinrich Kröwel from Merklingen, in 1335 some fields from the hamlet of Bürger Remelin, and in 1350 a Merklinger Hof der Weiler family Bochteler and the court of the Götzen von Merklingen, 1376 the property of the Esslingen citizen Erhard Lautrun and the Pforzheim citizen Hans Reppler as well as the hamlet citizen Hans Spenlin. As early as 1307, Budd Edelknecht von Muggensturm had given his large Merklinger Hof to the monastery. Most of the goods still in the possession of the local aristocracy and the local aristocracy and the foreign aristocracy were taken over by the monastery, thus preventing further splintering.
One could imagine the Welfisch-Herrenalber Merklingen back then as a village with a good 50 farm properties, built of wood or screwed-up wicker walls and thatched roofs. In between there are also some larger farmsteads belonging to the local families. In the middle of the village there is a fortified complex with a wooden or a stone tower.
The Merklinger Dorfburg from this time is one of the last representatives of the late medieval castle shape, which could often be described as a further development of the early medieval Bursteln or castle stables, and which were probably transferred in stone during this century as watch towers or residential towers. The models for these buildings came at the beginning of the late Middle Ages from the Anglo-French region, where they were transformed into Norman castles as waiting or residential towers, known as "donjons". The second Merklinger castle Kröwelsau was in the Würmtal, just on the hamlet mark boundary and must have looked similar to its Merklingen sister castle. In the year 1348 she owned 6 man mowing meadows in addition to ample arable land. The name Kröwel, also Kräuel or Krait means a fork with hook-shaped tips, the final syllable "au" indicates a land surrounded by water. Presumably the system was surrounded by a so-called Ösgraben, which led the water from the Würm to filling and emptying the inner moat. The dammed up water created an artificial lake that made any attack more difficult.
Merklingen has been the center of a monastery office since 1296. As has been handed down several times, his monastery administration was considered exemplary, in keeping with the sober business acumen of the Cistercians . The mayor appointed by the abbot , who were on an equal footing with the officials, can be proven in the local office since 1303. Her official functions initially comprised administrative and judicial systems. As officials of the local lord they judged great and small outrages, but not high court cases. These were the abbot's affairs.
According to the Herrenalber administrative regulations, all offices of the monastery, including that of Merklingen, went to the abbey. The Vogtskorn and the Vogtshaber were also required by all local farms, hubs and individual properties. The big tithe, which includes all types of grain, went to the monastery, like the wine tithe, in addition to the pastor's small tithe. The fruit tithe stayed with the parish. The community was able to offset the herb tithing with spelled . The tenth of the day was calculated by the monastery on the basis of the manmowing meadow areas cultivated. The monastery also collected the change and the way money. The mill in Gewann Weingarten near St. Wendel, mentioned since 1327, the later relocated Riemenmühle, was sold to the monastery in the same year.
The turning point (1347–1437)
The last goods acquired by the Merkling monastery were divided between the families of the nobleman Erckinger von Merklingen (1359) and his wife Guta von Lichtenstein. She was the daughter of Kunzen von Waldegg, who until 1387 was the owner of a third of the Möttling village, which was later sold to the imperial city of Weil. Other monastic possessions in the village come from the Merklingen citizen Fischer (1498) and from a local priest Stefan Fronmayer called Olpp, but also from foreigners, a Hans Gärtringen (1340) and a Helferich (1376) and a Konrad (1421) Meiser from Malmsheim.
The Merklingen monastery properties were also given up to the same extent as the Hirsau lordship there lost ground. The situation at that time was confirmed by a dispute between the two monasteries from 1398, where Hirsau again vigorously defended the common usage rights of his Merkling monastery courtyard towards Herrenalb. As the owner of Zwing und Bann, however, the Herrenalber abbot was able to significantly restrict the Hirsau landlord's free disposition. At that time the manorial labor services for Hirsau in Merklingen almost completely disappeared.
The ruling local nobility lost more and more influence in the village. One of his last representatives was a certain Erckinger, who went down in local history as the "Tyrann von Merklingen". He found a tragic end in the fight with the Margrave of Baden in Liebenzell when he was thrown from the castle tower there. The names of the local noble families are impressive proof of the transition from the lower aristocratic farm owners to medium-sized arable citizens .
The village was largely destroyed in the great village fire in 1417. During the reconstruction, the old structures were likely to have been used again. As we now know, today's stone house was built at the beginning of the 15th century, after the first, stone residential tower was probably destroyed in the village fire. It is very likely that the earlier Merklingen castle had the shape of one of those customary local noble residential towers with a raised main entrance and late Romanesque arched windows, which the monastery then transformed into a fruit barn for agricultural use. Today's stone house was built together with the adjoining church in the course of the reconstruction as the first local fortification without its later towers.
Before the fire, the Romanesque church was probably three aisles with a higher central nave, an apse as a chancel under the tower, perhaps with a small transept inserted in front of it. The late Gothic building, "a piece of work from different building eras" was started in 1425 and completed in 1776. The massive, largely preserved tower received its loopholes when the fortified church was built. Two altars, a Marien and a Johannis altar are described before the fire. At the time, the Merklingen parish had the branch church of Neuhausen, Steinegg, Hamberg, Schellbronn and Lehningen only "alive", because these outer churches were not allowed to carry out burials themselves. As the mother church, Merklingen was also obliged to send a pastor to the early masses there. Until the Reformation , the Merklingen parish belonged to the district of Weil der Stadt in the Archdiakonat Trinity of the Diocese of Speyer .
On July 1, 1972, Merklingen merged with Weil der Stadt. The entire community was named Weil der Stadt.
Attractions
- Remigius church / fortified church (rebuilt after a fire in 1425)
- town hall
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 452 .