Metschnikowo (Baltijsk)
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Metschnikowo / Neuhäuser
Мечниково
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Metschnikowo ( Russian Мечниково , German Neuhäuser , Lithuanian Geiduva ) is a district of the city of Baltijsk (German Pillau) in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad .
Geographical location
The village is located in the west of the historic East Prussia region , directly on the Baltic Sea coast on the northern foothills of the Fresh Spit , four kilometers north of the town center of Pillau ( Baltijsk ). The distance to Königsberg ( Kaliningrad ) in the east is 38 kilometers.
history
In 1785 Neuhäuser is referred to as a royal beach village with five fireplaces (households), which is part of the parish of Lochstädt . The Prussian Paradise was a largely untouched dune and forest landscape on the southwest corner of the Samland . The amber tenants complained about the establishment of beach baths in this area; The government did not take up their suggestion in 1816 to open a public bathing beach in Neuhäuser because the sea water at Neuhäuser sometimes mixed with the lagoon and Cranz therefore considered it to be a more suitable location for this purpose.
As recently as 1857, the route from Pillau harbor to the mushroom forest led through "sahara-wide" dunes. The area was not opened until 1865 with the East Prussian Southern Railway to Pillau. Wealthy Königsbergers founded a villa colony here. Those who wanted to avoid the hustle and bustle of a seaside resort spent their summer holidays here in the fresh sea air. Representatives of the high nobility built their country seats in Neuhäuser. Neuhäuser later received a spa house, a beach hall (1893) and a warm bath (1904). At the beginning of the 20th century, Neuhäuser was considered an estate with a seaside resort. The beach is shallow and without stones. Unlike in Cranz , there were hardly any mosquitos.
From the Pillau train station, the route to Neuhäuser led over the 30 m high Pfannkuchenberg , from which there is a beautiful view of Neuhäuser, the Fresh Lagoon and the Baltic Sea .
Neuhaus was 1874 in the District Lochstädt incorporated that the district Fischhausen in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged. On March 24, 1890 the Neuhäuser rural community was formed from the Neuhäuser, Schäferei and Waldkrug estates .
On March 14, 1914, Neuhäuser became the eponymous place of an administrative district consisting of the rural community of Neuhäuser and the Lochstädt manor district . The Lochstädt district was renamed the Tenkitten district . On September 30, 1928, Lochstädt was incorporated into Neuhäuser, on April 23, 1930, Kamstigall (no longer existing) was added, but was re-incorporated into the seaside town of Pillau in 1937. On January 1, 1945, the Neuhäuser district, which had joined the Samland district in 1939, consisted only of the Neuhäuser community.
In 1945, the village belonged to the Neuhaus district Samland in Administrative district Königsberg the province of East Prussia of the German Reich .
After the Second World War , Neuhäuser was placed under Soviet administration by the Soviet occupying power together with northern East Prussia and was given the name Metschnikowo , after the Russian biologist Ilya Metschnikow .
Population development until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | 35 | on three leasehold farms |
| 1831 | 26th | on a Freigut and in two natural skating |
| 1858 | 29 | all evangelicals, |
| 1864 | 15th | on December 3rd, on the estate |
| 1905 | 216 | on the estate, all evangelicals |
| 1910 | 215 | . |
| 1933 | 787 | |
| 1939 | 965 |
traffic
The place can be reached via the A 193 trunk road. Metschnikowo is a stop on the Baltijsk – Kaliningrad railway , the former East Prussian Southern Railway .
church
The mostly Protestant population of Neuhauser was integrated into the parish of Lochstädt until 1945 , which belonged to the parish of Fischhausen in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Personalities
Connected to the place
- Julius Dickert (1816-1896), German teacher and politician, member of the German Reichstag, died on August 12, 1896 in Neuhäuser
- Otto Stellter (1823-1894), German lawyer and member of the German Reichstag, died on August 21, 1894 in Neuhäuser
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Marienwerder 1785, p. 122.
- ↑ HL Elditt: The Pernstein shelf in Prussia . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Fourth episode, volume 6, Königsberg i. Pr. 1869, pp. 422-462, in particular pp. 435 ff.
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 14, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 559.
- ↑ D. Lange, local information photo archive East Prussia: Neuhäuser
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Lochstädt / Tenkitten district
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Neuhäuser District
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 3: Kr – O , Halle 1822, item 944.
- ^ Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy; presented topographically, statistically and economically. According to official sources . Part I: Province of Prussia . Berlin 1833, p. 134, paragraph 7.
- ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 71, Numbers 228-229.
- ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative district : Berlin 1966, Fischhausen district, p. 28, item 183.
- ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Fischhausen district
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. samland.html # ew33fschneuhaeuser. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).