Microhyla nilphamariensis
| Microhyla nilphamariensis | ||||||||||||
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Microhyla nilphamariensis : (A) live, dorsolateral; (B) holotype, dorsal; (C) foot, ventral; (D) palm |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Microhyla nilphamariensis | ||||||||||||
| Howlader , Nair , Gopalan & Merilä , 2015 |
Microhyla nilphamariensis is a frog from the genus Microhyla in the subfamily Real narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylinae) of the family narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylinidae). It was only described in 2015and is distributed over large parts of the Indian subcontinent as far as Bangladesh and Nepal .
description
Microhyla nilphamariensis is a small frog with a broad triangular head, a slender and somewhat elongated body and a head-trunk length of 17 to 24 millimeters. The basic color is light brown with a dark brown diamond-shaped back markings, the belly is creamy white in color, the chest and throat are light brown. The limbs have dark horizontal stripes. The head length is about 77 percent of the head width. The distance between the nostrils and the eyes is about six times as long as their distance from the mouth. The tongue is narrow and elliptical, the eardrum is not visible. The fingers are slender and have no widened tips; there are clearly visible webs between them. The finger formula is 1 <2 <4 <3 and the toe formula 1 <2 <5 <3 <4. Microhyla nilphamariensis is very similar to the species Microhyla ornata and Microhyla rubra , from which it differs in the size and shape of the metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles. Compared to these species, whose heads are almost as long as they are wide, the head of M. nilphamariensis is significantly shorter.
distribution
The type of location is an area in Koya Golahut ( 25 ° 48 '6.1 " N , 88 ° 53' 29.2" O ), Upazila Saidpur, district Dinajpur in the Division Rangpur in the far north of Bangladesh . Morphologically identical frogs were found in the Nilphamari district . It was therefore assumed early on that the species is widespread beyond the locality of the type.
The molecular genetic investigation of more than sixty newly collected specimens from putative populations of Microhyla ornata across the Indian subcontinent led to the finding that many individuals were actually Microhyla nilphamariensis . The distribution area of the new species now extends from the Indian Western Ghats with the states of Kerala , Karnataka and Maharashtra over the Eastern Ghats ( Andhra Pradesh and Odisha ) to Central India ( Chhattisgarh ), East India ( Bihar ), North India ( Delhi , Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand ), Northeast India with a part from Assam to Nepal and Bangladesh. Find reports for M. ornata from Pakistan probably also relate to M. nilphamariensis .
Way of life
Microhyla nilphamariensis is nocturnal and lives mostly on moist meadows with loose soil near small stagnant bodies of water. It feeds on small insects . The males' mating calls are pulsating strings of sounds over a period of 311.3 to 368.7 milliseconds, with 10 to 12 individual sounds following each other rapidly at a rate of about 29 to 30 sounds per second. The mean dominant frequency is 2.3 kilohertz. Compared to Microhyla ornata , M. nilphamariensis has a significantly lower number of sounds per second.
Systematics
Microhyla nilphamariensis is one of more than forty species of the genus Microhyla , which are distributed over large parts of Asia from the Ryūkyū Islands in the north to China to India and Sri Lanka in the southwest and Indonesia in the southeast. Within the genus is Microhyla chakrapanii of the Andaman the closest related art. Microhyla and six other genera are the subfamily of the actual mouthed (Microhylinae), which in turn further with about twelve subfamilies of the family mouthed (Microhylidae) belongs. The narrow-mouthed frogs include more than 650 species.
Initial description
In the 25th volume of the Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh in 2009 only the three species Microhyla ornata , Microhyla berdmorei and Microhyla rubra were specified for the genus Microhyla . The 2012 published molecular genetic analysis of anurans Bangladesh by a group of biologists led by the herpetologists Mahmudul Hasan from the University of Hiroshima led to the realization that in addition to these three types of three cryptic species exist, one of which to the relationship of the South Asian species Microhyla ornata belongs . This group, provisionally named Microhyla cf. ornata (Dinajpur, Bangladesh) or Dinajpur haplogroup according to the origin of the examined individuals , also differs morphologically from M. ornata and all other species of the genus. It was first described as Microhyla nilphamariensis in 2015 by a group around the herpetologist Mohammad Sajid Ali Howlader.
The holotype is an adult male captured at the type site in June 2012, which is in the collection of the Central Natural History Museum of Helsinki University with six adult female paratopotypes . The species name nilphamariensis refers to the district of Nilphamari, in which the type is found.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Mohammad Sajid Ali Howlader: A New Species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from Nilphamari, Bangladesh . In: PLoS ONE 2015, Volume 10, No. 3, Article e0119825, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0119825 .
- ^ A b c Sonali Garg et al .: Systematic revision of Microhyla (Microhylidae) frogs of South Asia: a molecular, morphological, and acoustic assessment . In: Vertebrate Zoology 2019, Volume 69, No. 1, pp. 1–71, doi: 10.26049 / VZ69-1-2019-01 .
- ↑ Sonali Garg et al .: Delineating Microhyla ornata (Anura, Microhylidae): mitochondrial DNA barcodes resolve century-old taxonomic misidentification . In: Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2018, Volume 3, No. 2, pp. 856–861, doi: 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1501286 .
- ↑ Mahmudul Hasan et al .: Cryptic Anuran Biodiversity in Bangladesh Revealed by Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences . In: Zoological Science 2012, Volume 29, No. 3, pp. 162-172, doi: 10.2108 / zsj.29.162 .