Miller Brothers 101 Ranch
| 101 Ranch Historic District | |||
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| National Register of Historic Places | |||
| Historic District | |||
| National Historic Landmark | |||
.png) 101 Ranch floor plan |
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| location | Kay County , Oklahoma | ||
| Coordinates | 36 ° 36 '54.2 " N , 97 ° 8' 30" W | ||
| NRHP number | 73001560 | ||
| The NRHP added | April 11, 1973 | ||
| Declared as an NHL | December 21, 1965 | ||
The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch was a 45,000 hectare ranch in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma founded in 1893 before the state of Oklahoma was founded . The mark 101 was the branding of Colonel George Washington Miller, a veteran of the Civil War , who moved from Kentucky to Oklahoma after the war and was the father of the subsequent owners Joe, Zachary and George Miller. The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch was the largest ranch in the United States . The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch is registered under the number 73001560 together with the grave of Bill Pickett and the monument to Basil F. Heath , known as the Chief White Eagle , as a Historic District .
founding
George Washington Miller was born in Kentucky in 1842 . After the Civil War, he moved to Missouri and drove with a crew of six men, including the black cowboy Perry Britton, cattle from Texas to the loading stations in Kansas . He later leased land from the Quapaws , which was north of what is now the state of Oklahoma, and moved to Baxter Springs, Kansas. He then leased Cherokee land from the Cherokee Strip Cattleman Association at the Cherokee Outlet . When he ended his partnership with Lee Kokernut in 1881, he needed a branding of his own , and he chose the 101 . The brand was placed on the left hip.
After the government ordered that the Cherokee Outlet could no longer be settled by white settlers, Miller leased land from the Ponca in 1892 , and the ranch was relocated near what is now Ponca City . In addition to breeding cattle , bison , pigs , poultry and horses , wheat , cotton , maize , kaffir , alfalfa and various types of fruit and vegetables were grown. Many crosses sprang up on the ranch's gardening business and it was known for their breeds. His three sons Joe, Zachary and George Lee took part in the work on the ranch. The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch was the largest ranch with livestock and agriculture in the United States. The Miller Brothers, like their father before, always employed black cowboys and farm workers.
Expansion of the ranch
George W. Miller died in 1903 at a pneumonia . His widow Molly converted the ranch into a trust after his death . Joe became chairman of the trust, and additional members were Zack and George Miller. Joe Miller was in charge of running the farm and planting, and was in charge of plant breeding; later he was one of the protagonists of the Wild West shows . Zack Miller looked after the livestock, and George Miller was in charge of the finances. A separate electrical system, a canning factory, dairy, tannery, shop and several mills were built. After Ernest W. Marland found oil on the ranch land in 1909, the Miller brothers opened up other profitable sources of income.
Wild West
Originally only planned as an entertainment program for Oklahoma's Gala Day in honor of a meeting of the National Editorial Association in Bliss, Oklahoma, the ranch employees demonstrated their skills with Joe Miller and the Indians who live there. There was also the Apache Geronimo , who killed a bison from the front seat of a car. Lucille Mulhall, George Elsen and the later very famous black cowboy Bill Pickett were also involved in the show. Because the show had great success and at the suggestion of their neighbor Major Gordon William Lillie, known by the name Pawnee Bill , the Miller brothers founded their own Wild West show - the Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show - and joined it from 1907 the show in the United States as well as internationally. The first venue was Brighton Beach in New York City .
Interrupted by World War I, the show ran until 1931. The show performed in the United States and worldwide. The Miller Brothers 101 Ranch Wild West Show toured Mexico, Canada, Europe and South America. In 1914, they performed before King George V and Queen Mary of England . In 1916 the show was staged with Buffalo Bill .
Many early Hollywood westerns were filmed on the 101 Ranch property . Often times, the ranch cowboys were stars of the films. In 1924, the film company Paramount Pictures used the ranch as a set for the film North of 36 . The film is based on a novel by Emerson Hugh . Other productions at the ranch were Trail Dust from 1924 and the series Wild West from 1925.
In 1911 the Miller brothers started their own film company. The filmmaker J. B. Kent worked as director . Films such as Setting up the Strip , On with the Show and The Cherokee Strip were made . Some films were shot at 101 Ranch , but many were shot in Los Angeles .
Decline
In the late 1920s, the show was increasingly attracting fewer visitors. This led to the first financial losses. The ranch was also hit by the Great Depression . In 1927 Joe Miller died of carbon monoxide poisoning , and two years later in 1929 George Miller died in a car accident. Zack Miller could not clean up the ranch alone, and in 1931 the 101 ranch came under administration. Part of the land was split off and leased in 1932; much of the personal property was auctioned. Much of the land was acquired by the Federal Farm Security Administration by 1941 and a resettlement program was developed. Zack Miller died on January 3, 1952.
Historic District
The first farmhouse was built by George W. Miller in 1893, but that house burned down six years later. He replaced it with a larger house with 17 rooms. They later called the new house the White House . The land area that belonged to 101 Ranch comprised approximately 45,000 hectares, spread over the Oklahoma Plains in Counties Kay , Noble , Osage and Pawnee . Three towns were in the area. The US Highway 77 ran km over a distance of 35 parallel to the Santa Fe Railroad in the field of the ranch. There was a train station near the farmhouse.
As 101 Ranch Historic District, Bill Pickett's Grave, and White Eagle Monument , the ranch has been listed as a Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places since 1974 . The District includes the 1910 White House , 1905 Blacksmith Shop , 1912 Grainery, Milk Storage Building, and Two Silos, 1912 Hotel , 1918 General Store and Office, 1918 Cafe , and Jail , Foreman's House , Chicken House and Dairy Barn , also all from 1918. Since May 1975 the ranch has been a National Historic Landmark .
literature
- Ellsworth Collings, Alma Miller England: The 101 Ranch . University of Oklahoma Press, 1973, ISBN 978-0-8061-1047-9 ( books.google.com ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Col George Washington Miller (1842-1903) - Find A Grave Memorial. In: findagrave.com. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Miller Brothers 101 Ranch | Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. In: okhistory.org. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Cherokee Strip Museum - Perry, Oklahoma. In: cherokee-strip-museum.org. www.cherokee-strip-museum.org, accessed July 28, 2016 .
- ↑ Report on protection , accessed on July 29, 2016.
- ↑ Miller Bros 101 Ranch Wild West Show. In: circusesandsideshows.com. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
- ↑ 101 Ranch Wild West Show Had Movie Stars And Geronimo. In: internationalindependentshowmensmuseum.org. Carnival History | Old Circus Photos | Seideshow History | Showmen's Museum, October 11, 2013, accessed July 28, 2016 (American English).
- ↑ a b Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | MILLER BROTHERS. In: unl.edu. plainshumanities.unl.edu, accessed July 28, 2016 .
- ^ Ellsworth Collings, Alma Miller England: The 101 Ranch . University of Oklahoma Press, 1973, ISBN 978-0-8061-1047-9 , pp. 189 ff . ( books.google.com ).
- ^ One-hundred-and-one ranch in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed February 8, 2020.
- ↑ Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: Oklahoma. National Park Service , accessed February 8, 2020.
