Mieren

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Mieren
Larch needle miere (Minuartia laricifolia)

Larch needle miere ( Minuartia laricifolia )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Alsinoideae
Genre : Mieren
Scientific name
Minuartia
L.

The Mieren ( Minuartia ) are a genus of plants in the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Illustration of A sticky chickweed ( Minuartia viscosa ) and B common spring chickweed ( Minuartia verna )

Vegetative characteristics

In Minuartia TYPES is annual to perennial herbaceous plants , rare subshrubs . The prostrate, ascending to upright stems stand individually or in groups together and are often ascending to upright branched. Their leaves are almost always very narrow, linear or narrowly lanceolate with one or three veins .

Generative characteristics

The flowers stand alone or in zymose inflorescences . The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope (perianth). The five mostly dry-skinned sepals have one or three nerves. The five white, or rarely reddish, petals are rounded or narrowed at the front, but not edged or split. There are two circles with five stamens each. The unilocular ovary contains many ovules . There are three styluses.

The narrow ovoid or ovoid-cylindrical capsule fruits open with three flaps. The seeds are egg, kidney or disc shaped.

Minuartia arctica
Austrian Miere ( Minuartia austriaca )
Fine-leaved chickweed ( Minuartia hybrida )
Minuartia nuttallii
Dwarf chickweed ( Minuartia sedoides )
Bristle Miere ( Minuartia setacea )

Occurrence

The Mieren species live almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere , from the Arctic to the subtropical regions. In the temperate and warmer areas they can be found from the colline altitude level up to altitudes of 3800 meters ( dwarf miere ). One species also occurs in Chile .

Systematics

The generic name Minuartia was set up in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, pp. 89-90. Type species is Minuartia dichotoma L. Synonyms for Minuartia L. are Alsinanthe (Fenzl) Rchb. , Alsine Gaertn. , Alsinopsis Small , Greniera J. Gay , Hymenella Moc. & Sessé , Lidia Á.Löve & D.Löve , Minuopsis W.A.Weber , Porsildia Á.Löve & D.Löve , Queria L. , Rhodalsine J.Gay , Selleola Urb. , Tryphane Rchb. , Wierzbickia Rchb. The genus Minuartia belongs to the tribe Alsineae in the subfamily Alsinoideae within the family Caryophyllaceae. The generic name Minuartia honors the Spanish doctor and botanist Juan Minuart y Peretes (1693-1768).

The genus Minuartia contains around 120 to 175 species (here is a selection):

  • Minuartia arctica (Steven ex Ser.) Asch. & Graebn. : It occurs in Eastern Europe, Asia and North America
  • Austrian Miere ( Minuartia austriaca (Jacq.) Hayek ): It occurs in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia and Romania
  • Two-flowered Miere or two-flowered Miere ( Minuartia biflora (L.) Schinz & Thell. ): It occurs in Europe, East Asia and North America
  • Hair-leaved chickweed ( Minuartia capillacea (All.) Graebner ): It occurs in France, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania and Romania
  • Mannsschild Miere ( Minuartia cherlerioides (Hoppe) Becherer )
  • Minuartia cumberlandensis (Wofford & Kral) McNeill : It occurs in the US states of Kentucky and Tennessee.
  • Minuartia dichotoma L .: It occurs only in southern Spain and Morocco
  • Minuartia drummondii (Shinners) McNeill : It occurs in the USA (Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas)
  • Alpine spring chickweed ( Minuartia gerardii )
  • Eastern Spring Miere ( Minuartia glaucina Dvořáková ): It occurs in Austria, Slovenia and Slovakia
  • Minuartia globulosa (Labill.) Schinz & Thell. : It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula, the Aegean Sea, Cyprus and the Middle East
  • Grass-leaved chickweed ( Minuartia graminifolia (Ard.) Jáv. ): It occurs in Italy, Sicily, the Balkan Peninsula and Romania
  • Fine-leaved chickweed ( Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. ): It occurs in Europe, in North Africa and in West, Central and South Asia
  • Minuartia kashmirica (Edgew.) Mattf. : It occurs in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and China (Xizang)
  • Larch needle miere ( Minuartia laricifolia (L.) Schinz & Thell. ): It occurs in France, Spain and Italy
  • Carpathian Minimize ( Minuartia langii (Reuss) Holub , is also a subspecies subsp. Kitaibelii (Nym) Mattf.. To M. laricifolia (L.) Schinz & Thell. Provided): It comes in Austria, Poland and Romania
  • Mediterranean Miere ( Minuartia mediterranea (Ledeb.) K.Maly ): It occurs in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East
  • Minuartia mesogitana (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs only in Southeast Europe and the Middle East
  • Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydb.) House : It occurs in North America and in Kamchatka
  • Krummblatt-Miere ( Minuartia recurva (All.) Schinz & Thell. ): It occurs in southern, central and western Europe (Ireland) and in the Middle East
  • Beaked chickweed ( Minuartia rostrata (Pers.) Rchb .; Syn .: Minuartia mutabilis (Lapeyr.) Schinz & Thell. Ex Becherer ): It occurs in Spain, France, Italy and Switzerland
  • Tufted Miere ( Minuartia rubra (Scop.) McNeill )
  • Rock Miere ( Minuartia rupestris (Scop.) Schinz & Thell. ): It occurs in the Alps of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Slovenia
  • Dwarf chickweed ( Minuartia sedoides (L.) Hiern )
  • Bristle Miere ( Minuartia setacea (Thuill.) Hayek ): It occurs from France across Central and Southeastern Europe to the Middle East
  • Steife Miere ( Minuartia stricta (Swartz) Hiern ): An arctic-alpine species that occurred as an Ice Age relic in the foothills of the Alps until the 19th century and was rediscovered near Bad Hindelang in 2005 ; their distribution ranges from Central Europe, Northern England, Northern Europe, Northern Asia to North America and Greenland
  • Minuartia tenella (J.Gay) Mattf. : It occurs in North America (British Columbia, Oregon, Washington)
  • Common spring chickweed ( Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern ; Syn .: Minuartia gerardii (Willd.) Hayek ): Their distribution ranges from Europe and North Africa to Asia; with several subspecies including:
  • Sticky Miere ( Minuartia viscosa (Schreber) Schinz & Thell. ): Its distribution ranges from western and central Europe (Denmark, southern Sweden) to the Middle East
  • Minuartia wettsteinii Mattf. : She is endemic to Crete.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Geoffrey Halliday: Minuartia L. pp. 152-160. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al .: Flora Europaea. Volume 1, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X .
  • Lu Dequan, John McNeill: Minuartia , p. 29 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 6 - Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2001 ISBN 1-930723-05-9 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
  • Richard K. Rabeler, Ronald L. Hartman, Frederick H. Utech: Minuartia - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae , part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 . (Sections Description and Systematics)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum , 1, 1753, pp. 89-90 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Minuartia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Karol Marhold: Caryophyllaceae. : Minuartia. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011 , last viewed on August 29, 2017.
  5. ^ Alfred Buchholz, Erik Welk: Minuartia stricta (Swartz) Hiern. (Caryophyllaceae): Rediscovery of a glacial relic believed to have been lost in Central Europe. In: Reports of the Bavarian Botanical Society , Volume 75, 2005, pp. 95-108.
  6. ↑ [1]
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 . Pages 27–28.
  8. ↑ Hans-Christian Friedrich: Family Caryophyllaceae. In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. 2nd edition Volume III, Part 2, pages 815–816. Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin, Hamburg 1979, ISBN 3-489-60020-7 .
  9. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 6 (Caryophyllaceae (Alsinoideae and Paronychioideae)). Page 41, Helsinki 1983. ISBN 951-9108-05-X

Web links

Commons : Mieren ( Minuartia )  - collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading

  • Markus S. Dillenberger, Joachim Kadereit: Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae). In: Taxon , Volume 63, Issue 1, February 2014, pp. 64–88. doi : 10.12705 / 631.5