cdrtools
| cdrtools | |
|---|---|
| Basic data
|
|
| Maintainer | Jörg Schilling |
| developer | Jörg Schilling, Eric Youngdale, Heiko Eißfeldt, James Pearson |
| Publishing year | 1996 |
| Current version | 3.01 (August 26, 2015) |
| Current preliminary version | 3.02a09 (December 10, 2017) |
| operating system | Linux , Unix , BSD , Windows , OS / 2 and many more. |
| programming language | C. |
| category | Burning program , CD ripper |
| License | CDDL / GPL and others (each plant-specific), libscg CDDL with additional edition: Combination exclusively with OSI licenses. But see also: license discussion . |
| German speaking | Yes |
| cdrecord.org | |
The cdrtools are a collection of portable open source programs for data processing and recording on CD / DVD / BluRay media (called "burning"), most of which were developed by Jörg Schilling. The main components are:
- cdrecord, a burning program
- cdda2wav, a CD ripper with paranoia support, which also reads metadata and hidden tracks and thus allows complete extraction
- libparanoia, a library version of the relevant code from cdparanoia
- mkisofs, for creating a CD file system
- readcd, a reading program with CD clone capabilities
The cdrtools were the standard solution for burning CDs under Linux for a long time, before most major Linux distributions could no longer contain the current version of the software (according to their interpretation of the license) due to a license change . Jörg Schilling contradicts this interpretation of the license.
cdrecord
cdrecord is a burning program, the development of which was started at the end of 1995 by Jörg Schilling on the basis of the libscg developed since August 1986 .
It was first released for Solaris in February 1996 . Porting to Linux , HP-UX , AIX , IRIX and 20 other platforms followed from 1997.
At the instigation of the data archivists of the European Southern Observatory, cdrecord became one of the first programs with DVD support in February 1998. However, the source code for DVD support could not be published for a long time due to a confidentiality agreement with the drive manufacturer Pioneer and the purchase of a DVD burner was regulated between September 1997 and August 2001 due to reservations of the US film industry. With the appearance of the first freely available DVD burner in September 2001, free binary versions of cdrecord-ProDVD were initially released and since spring 2006 the entire code of cdrecord-ProDVD has been open source. Since July 2007, the cdrtools have been offering initially rudimentary, but now complete Blu-Ray support.
cdda2wav
cdda2wav is a CD ripper, the development of which was started in 1993 by Heiko Eißfeldt under Linux. Since 1998, it has been using libscg as a platform-independent SCSI transport, making it portable. Since April 2002 cdda2wav has been using libparanoia, which is derived from cdparanoia and is particularly useful for damaged media. In addition, cdda2wav was expanded at the beginning of 2002 to include manufacturer-specific reading routines which, depending on the situation, offer better reading properties than the standard commands. This means that cdda2wav can also read heavily damaged and intentionally defective media , which in some cases could no longer be processed using conventional readout methods.
readcd
readcd reads data sectors from optical data carriers and is therefore to be seen as a supplement to cdda2wav. It can also read CDs in “raw” mode along with additional metadata, thereby enabling “cloning” of CDs.
Another function in readcd is the ability to read out error correction data ( C1 / C2 for CDs and PI8 / PIF for DVDs) in order to assess the quality of a medium.
mkisofs
mkisofs is a program for creating ISO-9660 file system images. It was started in 1993 by Eric Youngdale under Linux. It has been integrated into cdrtools since 1997 and Eric Youngdale gradually withdrew from development work. In August 1999 Eric Youngdale handed over the development to Jörg Schilling.
In addition to ISO 9660 , Mkisofs also supports Rockridge , Joliet and UDF .
By using libfind, mkisofs can make the properties and options of the find program directly usable.
Libparanoia
Libparanoia is software, the origin of which was written in 1997 by Christopher Montgomery (Monty) as a patch to cdda2wav in order to improve the readout quality even with damaged media and bad drives. Since 1998 the patch has been sold separately as cdparanoia , a spin-off from cdda2wav. In the spring of 2002, Jörg Schilling finally transferred the essential parts of the functionality of the patch to portable libparanoia and thus made it usable across platforms for cdda2wav and other programs.
The relevant code in cdparanoia is based on the reading routines in cdda2wav and tries to improve parts recognized as faulty by reading out whole sectors again and by skilfully mixing the results through deviating read results. If a drive cannot read sectors at all, either because the medium is too badly damaged or because the medium has defects intentionally made by the manufacturer, then the paranoia code fails. In such cases, error detection would only be possible if the C2 error information were evaluated in both cdda2wav and libparanoia.
Cdrtools as the name for the entire package
The name "cdrtools" was introduced in 1998 after the integration of cdda2wav into the common source code and the common build system.
Under operating systems such as Solaris, Linux or FreeBSD, numerous programs for the console as well as with a graphical user interface for the actual recording process use the cdrtools or its splitting, including:
- K3b as a multifunctional surface from KDE for burning and copying CDs and DVDs.
- X-CD-Roast , a GTK + -based, cross-platform program for Linux , FreeBSD , OpenBSD and many other Unix-like operating systems
- Brasero for the Gnome working environment
- Plugins for the KDE file manager Konqueror
- Plugins for the GNOME file manager Nautilus
The Windows burning programs InfraRecorder and cdrtfe are also based on the cdrtools as graphical front ends. The CDR tools are also available for various other operating systems.
License discussion
In February 2005, Jörg Schilling switched his Makefile system, an independent project that had been used since 1992 to control the compilation of various software projects, to the CDDL license, which he considered freer . This system is also used to create the cdrtools. The Debian project saw this as a problem due to incompatible licenses. According to the author, the makefiles assigned to the GPL projects in the cdrtools were still under the GPL in the project folders. He relies on the interpretation of a lawyer, according to which "scripts for compilation" may be under any license, as long as it allows distribution. The author converted other parts of the cdrtools to the CDDL in order to standardize the license, but this did not allay the concerns from the Debian project.
Because of this problem, the Debian project initiated a spin-off of cdrtools under the name cdrkit and removed the original project from its own package sources. Many other Linux distributions also replaced cdrecord with Debian's fork. As a source code-based distribution, Gentoo is not affected by this license issue and offers the current cdrtools version and the split as an alternative. Oracle only distributes cdrecord with its Solaris operating system . Slackware does the same.
The fact that the GPL program mkisofs against a CDDL library is linking is still considered by the Debian project as a violation of the GPL. However, Jörg Schilling does not regard the binary result of the automatic link process as a derivative work, but as a compilation within the meaning of the US copyright law. According to the legal opinion of lawyers who have so far commented on this topic, the parts of the GPLv2 which refer to integrated, external program parts (“ The 'Program', below, refers to any such program or work, and a 'work based on the Program 'means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and / or translated into another language. ") in demfall of a collective work not to be used, although there is disagreement about the demarcation between derived works and collective works. With his views that the combinations in question are compilations (and not derivative works), Schilling expressly contradicts what he calls "FSF claims" about the GPL.
history
| Project name | Pre-release versions | stable versions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | latest | Versions | date | |
| cdrecord | 1.00 | Feb. 4, 1996 | ||
| 1.01 | Oct. 4, 1996 | |||
| 1.02 | Dec 20, 1996 | |||
| 1.03 | May 16, 1997 | |||
| 1.04 | May 23, 1997 | |||
| 1.5a1 | 1.5a9 | 1.05 | Sep 15 1997 | |
| 1.6a01 | 1.6a15 | 1.06 | Apr 18, 1998 | |
| 1.6.1a1 | 1.6.1a7 | 1.06.1 | Oct 19, 1998 | |
| 1.8a01 | 1.8a40 | 1.08 | Jan 28, 2000 | |
| 1.8.1a01 | 1.8.1a09 | 1.08.1 | Apr 27, 2000 | |
| 1.9a01 | 1.9a05 | 1.09 | Jul 20, 2000 | |
| cdrtools | 1.10a01 | 1.10a19 | 1.10 | Apr 22, 2001 |
| 1.11a01 2.0pre1 |
1.11a40 2.0pre3 |
2.00 | Dec 25, 2002 | |
| 2.00.3 | May 28, 2003 | |||
| 2.01a01 | 2.01a38 | 2.01 | Sep 9 2004 | |
| 2.01.01a01 | 2.01.01a80 | 3.00 | Jun 2, 2010 | |
| 3.01a01 | 3.01a31 | 3.01 | 26 Aug 2015 | |
| 3.02a01 | 3.02a09 | 3.02 | ||
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Legend:
Old version
Current version
Current preliminary version
Future version
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Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Jörg Schilling: cdrtools 3.01 announcement and release notes. (TXT) August 26, 2015, accessed August 28, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Jörg Schilling: cdrtools 3.02a09 announcement. (TXT) December 10, 2017, accessed December 21, 2017 .
- ↑ FSF on GPL-CDDL compatibility : " cannot legally be linked together "
- ↑ Problem report on the license change with subsequent discussion (English)
- ↑ The GPL explains and comments (PDF; 4.56 MB) Olaf Koglin, Till Jaeger et al. ( complete book with comments ), ISBN 3-89721-389-3
- ↑ Joerg Jaspert: cdrkit (fork of cdrtools) uploaded to Debian, please test. In: Debian Development Announcements email list. September 4, 2006, accessed August 14, 2007 .
- ↑ Copyright definitions for "Collective Work" and "Derivative Work"
- ^ Comment by Jörg Schilling on the license problem
- ↑ compare GPLv2 TERMS AND CONDITIONS, point 0:
- ↑ Open Source Licensing ( Memento of February 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Lawrence Rosen, ISBN 978-0-13-148787-1
- ^ Report on Problem Scope and Definition about OSS License Compatibility (PDF; 824 kB), Thomas F. Gordon
- ↑ Lothar Determann: DANGEROUS LIAISONS - SOFTWARE COMBINATIONS AS DERIVATIVE WORKS? . Distribution, Installation and Execution of Linked Programs under Copyright Law, Commercial Licenses and the GPL . In: BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL . Issue 21: 4 , 2006 (English, Online [PDF; 620 kB ; accessed on May 13, 2020]).
- ↑ http://www.osscc.net/de/gplger.html
- ↑ Jörg Schilling: cdrtools 3.00 release announcement. May 18, 2010, accessed May 18, 2010 .
- ↑ Jörg Schilling: cdrtools 3.00 release notes. (TXT) June 2, 2010, accessed June 2, 2010 .