Solaris (operating system)

Solaris
Java Desktop on Solaris 10
developer	Oracle
License (s)	Software License Agreement
Current  version	11.4 (August 28, 2018)
ancestry	UNIX  →  BSD ↳ SunOS UNIX System V Release 4 ↳ Solaris
Architecture (s)	68k , SPARC , x86 , AMD64 , Intel 64
Oracle Solaris

Oracle Solaris is an operating system distribution based on SunOS and a Unix operating system. Solaris has been owned by Oracle since it acquired Sun Microsystems in 2010 .

It has been compatible with the System V family since 1990 . Early versions were released under the name Unix xx Sun Version yy . The name SunOS was first used with the first public SunOS 3.0 beta from the 1st quarter of 1986. The first version, called SunOS, was developed on the basis of BSD- Unix as a proprietary operating system for use on Sun servers and workstations . Version 5.0 of SunOS was redeveloped on the basis of UNIX System V and the product name Solaris was introduced.

history

At the time Sun was founded in 1982, the Motorola 68010 was not yet available. Because its predecessor, the Motorola 68000 , did not yet contain a memory management unit , BSD - Unix with its virtual memory management could not be ported to the Sun-1 . The first Motorola 68000-based Sun-1 systems therefore ran with a Unix V7 port from UniSoft . After the Motorola 68010 became available and Sun 1 systems were later equipped with it, Sun first developed a BSD Unix variant that was distributed under the name BSD Unix Sun Version xx . Over the years it has been to many features of System V expanded with the release of SunOS 3.0 in SunOS renamed. The Sun 4 series with SPARC processor architecture, which was later developed by Sun , made SunOS even more popular, and finally SunOS 4.1.1_U1 was the last official release that still supported computers of the Sun3 series with Motorola 68000 series . The last SunOS 4 version from 1995 was 4.1.4 and, in addition to bug fixes, also brought support for machines with MicroSPARC processors.

The not very successful Sun386 series with Intel processors was supported by SunOS in versions 4.0.1 to 4.0.3. With version 4.1.2 multiprocessor operation (asymmetrical) was introduced.

Version 5 of SunOS was redeveloped on the basis of System V Release 4 after Sun became a partner of Unix International . It was bundled with the graphical user interface CDE and Java and marketed as the "Operating Environment" Solaris 2.x from 1992. It was SMP capable from the start .

The early versions of Solaris that were still based on SunOS version 4 were numbered as version 1.x in later years. After version 2.6 the "2." was left out: In 2004 version 10 (SunOS 5.10) appeared, which could be downloaded free of charge from Sun from February 2005.

Six months after the release of Solaris 10 , essential parts of the source code of the subsequent developer version were finally disclosed by Sun and the system was released for download as OpenSolaris . The further development took place until August 2010 as a free operating system. On August 13, 2010 it was announced that OpenSolaris will be discontinued with immediate effect.

One year after Oracle took over Sun Microsystems , John Fowler (Oracle's Executive Vice President Systems) spoke in early August 2010 about the future of Solaris. Fowler explained that Solaris 11 should appear in 2011 and that numerous components in this Solaris "will be renewed or fundamentally revised". According to a roadmap published by Oracle, the launch of Solaris 11 was planned for the second half of 2011. The fundamentally revised Solaris should therefore also be available for x64 platforms .

On November 5, 2011, Jim Laurent stated on his blog that four days later, November 9, 2011, would be the official launch day of Solaris 11 . At the beginning of 2017, Oracle stopped developing Solaris 12 , instead the operating system was to be further developed under the project name Solaris 11.next . In August and September of the same year, however, a large part of the workforce involved in the development of Solaris was laid off, so that a continuation was uncertain.

February 2018 a beta for Solaris 11.4 was released. The final version was published on August 28, 2018.

Features and special features

As of version Solaris 7 (SunOS 5.7), Solaris offers consistent 64-bit support on UltraSPARC CPUs . On September 4, 1991, a Solaris port for x86 was announced and started in January 1992. The x86 processor version has been available since June 23, 1992 , which has also been booting on AMD64 since August 2004 and version 10 therefore also offers 64-bit support for AMD64 CPUs or Intel 64 CPUs. The Solaris version for PowerPC was initially discontinued after the first release (Solaris 2.5.1), a new porting began after the publication of OpenSolaris under the name Polaris.

The OpenSolaris project has existed since January 2005 and, under the direction of Sun, has made the Solaris source code largely available to the public under the Common Development and Distribution License . The sources for the kernel , individual modules and libraries were then released on June 14, 2005 as an open source operating system under the name OpenSolaris . As part of this, a Solaris version for PowerPC should also appear. At the beginning of 2006, the developers announced a corresponding porting to the Pegasos -based CHRP workstation ODW from IBM / Freescale / Genesi, but this never resulted in a release.

software

The software under Solaris is mainly managed in the context of a package management with the help of the pkg programs (pkgadd, pkgrm, pkgchk ...). Many programs that run on other Unix or similar operating systems such as Linux can be ported to Solaris. For example, the OpenCSW project provides thousands of additional software packages for Solaris, which can be imported into the existing Solaris package management using the pkgutil program .

history

version	publication	Remarks
SunOS 0.7	February 1982	First published version of SunOS, developed on the basis of UNIX V7 ( 7th Edition ) Support for Motorola 68000 -based Sun-1 series systems
SunOS 1.0	1983	Conversion of the code base to 4.1BSD Support for Motorola-68010 -based systems of the Sun-1 and Sun-2 series
SunOS 1.1	April 1984	First influences from Unix System V
SunOS 1.2	January 1985	Conversion of the code base to 4.2BSD
SunOS 2.0	May 15, 1985	Introduction of the Virtual file system (VFS) and the NFS protocol
SunOS 3.0	February 17, 1986	Support for systems of the Sun 2 series and the Motorola 68020 -based Sun 3 series
SunOS 3.2	September 1986	Partial conversion of the code base to 4.3BSD Partial support for systems of the SPARC -based Sun-4 series
SunOS 4.0	1989	Conversion of the code base to 4.3BSD and partly to UNIX System V IPC Full support for SPARC architecture Support for systems of the series Sun-2 , Sun-3 , Sun-4 , as well as the Intel-80386 -based Sun386i series Introduction of a new virtual memory system , dynamic libraries , System-V-STREAMS-I / O and OpenWindows 1.0 (available separately from SunOS)
SunOS 4.1.1	March 1990	Last version with support for the 680x0 architecture Delivery with OpenWindows 2.0 Later naming of SunOS 4.1.1 in Solaris 1.0
SunOS 4.1.2	December 1991	first multiprocessor support Delivery with OpenWindows 2.0 Later naming of SunOS 4.1.2 in Solaris 1.0.1
SunOS 4.1.3	August 1992	Most common variant on SPARC Delivery with OpenWindows 3.0 Later naming of SunOS 4.1.3 in Solaris 1.1
SunOS 4.1.4	November 1994	Support of the MicroSPARC architecture Delivery with OpenWindows 3.0 Later naming of SunOS 4.1.4 in Solaris 1.1.2
Solaris 2.0 SPARC (SunOS 5.0)	July 1992	Conversion of the code base to Unix System V Release 4 Support for Sun 4c series systems
Solaris 2.0 x86 (SunOS 5.0)	December 1992	First Solaris version with support for x86 architecture
Solaris 2.1 SPARC (SunOS 5.1)	December 1992	Support for Sun 4m series systems
Solaris 2.2 SPARC (SunOS 5.2)	May 1993	Support for multithreading for the first time Support for Sun 4d series systems
Solaris 2.3 SPARC (SunOS 5.3)	November 1993	Changeover in OpenWindows 3.3 from NeWS to Display PostScript and discontinuation of support for SunView
Solaris 2.1 x86 (SunOS 5.1)	November 1993	Further development of the Solaris x86 line based on Solaris 2.1 SPARC
Solaris 2.4 (SunOS 5.4)	November 1994	First joint version of Solaris for SPARC and x86 Includes OSF / Motif runtime support
Solaris 2.5 (SunOS 5.5)	November 1995	First support for UltraSPARC architecture Introduction of NFSv3 and NFS / TCP, includes CDE
Solaris 2.5.1 (SunOS 5.5.1)	May 1996	The only Solaris release with support for the PowerPC architecture Extension of the user ID to 32-bit
Solaris 2.6 (SunOS 5.6)	August 1997	Introduction of Kerberos 5, PAM , TrueType fonts, WebNFS and large file support
Trusted Solaris 2.5.1	September 1998	Security - optimized version of Solaris 2.5.1 with enhancements such as Role Based Access Control (RBAC), Mandatory Access Control labeling and auditing Support for the Sun-4c , Sun-4m , Sun-4d and Sun-4u series systems
Solaris 7 (SunOS 5.7)	October 27, 1998	First support for 64-bit UltraSPARC architecture Introduction of UFS logging
Trusted Solaris 7	November 2, 1999	Further development of Trusted Solaris based on Solaris 7 Support for the Sun-4c , Sun-4m , Sun-4d and Sun-4u series systems
Solaris 8 (SunOS 5.8)	January 26, 2000	Introduction of Multipath I / O , IPv6 , IPsec and Role Based Access Control (RBAC) End of support for Sun 4c series systems The last updated version of the Solaris 8 line was Solaris 8 2/04 (February 2004)
	November 20, 2000	Further development of Trusted Solaris based on Solaris 8 Latest version of the Trusted Solaris -line, however, were the security enhancements of Trusted Solaris in part by Solaris Trusted Extensions in Solaris 10 implemented
Solaris 9 (SunOS 5.9)	May 22, 2002 (For SPARC.) January 10, 2003 (For x86.)	Introduction of iPlanet Directory Server, Resource Manager, Solaris Volume Manager , Linux compatibility OpenWindows discontinued, support for Sun 4d series removed The last updated version of the Solaris 9 line was Solaris 9 9/05 (September 2005)
Solaris 10 (SunOS 5.10)	January 31, 2005	First support for AMD64 and Intel 64 architecture Discontinued support for systems of the Sun 4m series and the UltraSPARC-I architecture for clock speeds below 200 MHz Introduction of Gnome -based Java Desktop System , NFSv4 , iSCSI , Solaris Containers, least-privilege security, Service Management Facility (SMF), the GRUB bootloader (since Solaris 10 1/06 ) and ZFS for disk management (since Solaris 10 6 / 06 ) and DTrace for performance analysis free of charge until takeover by Oracle in 2010
Open Solaris (Sun OS 5.10.1)	June 14, 2008	Solaris under CDDL found Various other free distributions are created (see OpenSolaris ) Removal of CDE and the Java Desktop System
Solaris 11 Express 2010.11 (Sun OS 5.11)	November 15, 2010	First version of Oracle New package system IPS (Image Packaging System) Network virtualization and QoS ZFS encryption and deduplication
Solaris 11 2011.11 (Sun OS 5.11)	November 9, 2011	Improved package system Virtualized networks Optimized utilization of Sparc T4 processors
Solaris 11.3	October 6, 2015
Solaris 11.4	August 28, 2018	Change from Gnome 2 to Gnome 3.24 Python 3.5, Puppet 5.5, Perl 5.26, MySQL 5.7, LLVM / Clang Migration tools improved

Command to display the installed Solaris revision (version) :cat /etc/release

See also

• Disklabel
• Comparison of BSD operating systems

literature

• Thomas Handschuch: Solaris 7 system administration . Springer Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-5406-3421-5
• Harald Zisler: Solaris 10 & OpenSolaris: Introduction, Administration, Application . Franzis Verlag, Poing, 2007, ISBN 978-3-7723-7297-1

Web links

Commons : Solaris  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/get.jsp
2. ↑ EU Commission: Oracle may take over Sun , stern.de
3. ↑ http://www.pro-linux.de/news/1/16036/oracle-etzt-opensolaris-ein.html
4. ↑ Oracle buries OpenSolaris. ZDNet.de, August 16, 2010, accessed on August 17, 2010 . 
5. ↑ Oracle on the future of Solaris. iX - Magazine for professional information technology, August 11, 2010, accessed on August 12, 2010 . 
6. ^ Oracle Solaris, and OpenSolaris. (PDF; 469 kB) (No longer available online.) Oracle Public Sector, archived from the original on July 5, 2010 ; Retrieved August 17, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ Solaris 11 will be available in the second half of 2011. ZDNet.de, August 12, 2010, accessed on August 12, 2010 . 
8. ↑ 11 reason to love Solaris 11. ( Memento of the original dated February 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. blogs.oracle.com, November 5, 2011 
9. ↑ Live Webinar Introducing Solaris 11. Oracle, November 5, 2011, accessed November 6, 2011 . 
10. ↑ Guilty SPARC: Oracle euthanizes Solaris 12, expunging it from roadmap arstechnica.com, January 18, 2017
11. ↑ Oracle Reportedly Laying Off More Solaris & ZFS Staff www.phoronix.com, August 4, 2017
12. ↑ Simon Phipps: For those unaware, Oracle laid off ~ all Solaris tech staff yesterday in a classic silent EOL of the product.https: //twitter.com/webmink/status/904067176377831424… In: @webmink. September 2, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017 . 
13. ↑ Scott Lynn: Oracle Solaris 11.4 Released for General Availability . ( oracle.com [accessed August 30, 2018]).
14. ↑ OpenCSW package list
15. ↑ Solaris 10 becomes chargeable after 90 days: Oracle combines the use of the operating system with a maintenance contract . March 30, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
16. ↑ C't issue "c't special 03/2008"
17. ↑ Oracle: Oracle Solaris 11 Express . November 15, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
18. ↑ Oracle: Oracle Solaris 11 . November 9, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2012.