Mongolian hazel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mongolian hazel
Mongolian hazel (Corylus heterophylla)

Mongolian hazel ( Corylus heterophylla )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Beech-like (Fagales)
Family : Birch family (Betulaceae)
Subfamily : Hazelnut family (Coryloideae)
Genre : Hazelnuts ( corylus )
Type : Mongolian hazel
Scientific name
Corylus heterophylla
Fish. ex Trautv.

The Mongolian hazel or Mongolian hazelnut ( Corylus heterophylla ) is a large shrub belonging to the birch family . The distribution area is in Japan, Korea, China and Siberia.

description

leaves

The Mongolian hazel is a shrub or small tree up to 7 meters high with a gray bark and densely hairy branches covered with cork pores . The leaves have a thin, 1 to 2 centimeter, rarely up to 3 centimeter long, slightly hairy stem. The leaf blade is 4 to 13 centimeters long and 2.5 to 10 centimeters wide, obovate to ovate, rounded, suddenly pointed with a rounded or heart-shaped base and an irregularly serrate, more or less lobed leaf margin. Three to seven pairs of nerves are formed. The nerves of the underside of the leaf are hairy, the upper side of the leaf is glabrous. The male kittens are arranged in groups of four to five. They are about 4 inches long, thin and have reddish brown, obovate and densely hairy bracts . The female flowers are in groups of two to six and have 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters large, bell-shaped, densely hairy bracts. The nuts are oval-spherical. They have a diameter of 0.7 to 1.5 centimeters and are covered by a somewhat longer, striped, velvety hairy shell that is deeply divided into six to nine triangular lobes with smooth edges. The species blooms from May to June, the nuts ripen from July to August.

The number of chromosomes is .

Distribution and location

The distribution area is in the temperate zone of Asia, in southern Siberia and in the Amur region in Russia, Mongolia, in numerous provinces of China, on the Korean peninsula and on the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō , Honshū and Kyushu . There it grows in species-poor forests at altitudes of 400 to 2500 meters on moderately dry to moist, weakly acidic to weakly alkaline, gravelly or sandy-loamy soils in sunny locations. The species loves warmth and is usually frost hardy.

Systematics

The Asian Hazel ( Corylus heterophylla ) is a kind of the genus of hazel ( Corylus ) in the family of birch family (Betulaceae). It is the section Corylus the subsection Corylus assigned. It was first described in 1844 by Ernst Rudolph von Trautvetter and assigned the name Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer .

There are two varieties :

  • Corylus heterophylla var. Heterophylla (Syn .: Corylus heterophylla var. Thunbergii flower) with elongated or obovate leaf blades with spiky or tailed leaf ends and barely toothed bracts. The distribution area is in China, Japan and Russia at altitudes of 400 to 2400 meters.
  • Corylus heterophylla var. Sutchuenensis Franch. with elliptically obovate to broadly ovate or rounded leaf blades with rounded or spiky leaf ends and serrated bracts. The distribution area is in the Chinese provinces of Yunnan , Sichuan , Guizhou , Hubei and Hunan at altitudes of 500 to 2500 meters.

use

The Mongolian hazel is only rarely used in forestry. It is used as an ornamental plant because of its fruits and also serves as a bee pasture .

proof

literature

  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 223.
  • Steve Cafferty: Cosmos Atlas Trees of the World . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10983-0 , p. 138 .
  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 288 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name after Steve Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas trees of the world
  2. ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora of the woods
  3. ↑ Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas Trees of the World , p. 138
  4. ↑ a b c Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods , p. 223
  5. ^ A b Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Corylus heterophylla . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 288 (English).
  6. ↑ a b Corylus heterophylla. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 28, 2012 .
  7. ^ Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Corylus heterophylla var. Heterophylla . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 288 (English).
  8. ^ Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Corylus heterophylla var. Sutchuanensis . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 288 (English).
  9. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Corylus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 12, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Mongolian hazel ( Corylus heterophylla )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files