Moss milkling
| Moss milkling | ||||||||||||
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The moss-milkling ( Lactarius omphaliiformis ) as L. cyathula in JE Lange: Flora agaricina Danica. Vol. V, Fig. 175C |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius omphaliiformis | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The Moss-Milchling or Nabelige Zwerg-Milchling ( Lactarius omphaliiformis ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a small milkling with a yellow-brown to orange-brown hat, the skin of which in the center soon tears clearly concentrically with cracks or scales and is reminiscent of small lacquer funnels. The Milchling grows with alders.
features
Macroscopic features
The thin-fleshed hat is 0.8–2 (2.5) cm wide, arched flat when young, soon spread out flat and deepened in the middle like umbilicals. The middle of the hat often has a small, pointed hump. The matt surface is smooth to grainy or sticky when young and is orange-red to orange-ocher-brown in color. In old age, the skin of the hat tears, when pressed, in small scales. The edge of the hat is often bent in a wavy manner and usually grooved to more than half of the hat radius.
The medium- wide lamellae are initially cream-colored, later in a light pink-brownish color and grown broadly on the stem. Sometimes they run down a bit. They are not or only sparsely forked. The spore powder is creamy yellow.
The cylindrical stem is 1.5-3 cm long and 0.2-0.3 cm wide. The inside is hollow and the smooth surface is deeply orange to red-brown in color. The base of the handle is sometimes bristly hairy, the hair is colored orange.
The rather brittle meat is cream-colored to brownish in color and almost odorless. It tastes mild to slightly astringent. The mild milk is watery white and more or less invariable. On a white handkerchief it may turn slightly yellow after a while.
Microscopic features
The more or less elliptical spores are on average 8.1–8.6 µm long and 6.4–6.8 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.2–1.4. The spore ornament is up to 0.7–1.2 (1.5) µm high and consists of isolated and more or less elongated warts and short ridges, most of which are connected by fine lines to form an incomplete network. The hillock is clear and mostly inamyloid .
The cylindrical to clubbed, 1-4-spore basidia are 30–45 µm long and 9–12 µm wide. Pleuromacrocystids are rare to quite numerous, spindle-shaped to awl-shaped and measure 35–90 × 6–9 µm. The upper end is pointed or beaked. The lamellar sheaths are more or less sterile. The 20–45 µm long and 5–12.5 µm wide cheilomacrocystids are scattered to very numerous and are pointed at the top.
The 50–100 µm thick hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is anatomically a mixture of a hymenoepithelium and an epithelium and consists of rounded to more or less oval, 6–25 µm wide hyphae cells , some of which are strung together like a chain.
Species delimitation
The umbilical-like moss-milkling, whose appearance is often reminiscent of a lacquer funnel ( laccaria ), can be recognized by its orange-reddish to orange-ocher-brown colored hat and the scaly skin that soon rips open. The average spore size is between that of the large- spore alder milkling ( L. cyathuliformis ) and that of the smaller-pore olive-brown alder milkling ( L. obscuratus ), both of which occur in comparable locations in alder trees. But if you find the orange-brownish fruiting bodies in the midst of damp peat moss cushions, you can assume with some certainty that it is the moss milkling, as the other two milklings prefer drier locations.
Ecology and diffusion
Little is known about the exact distribution of the Milchling. In Fennos Scandinavia it is considered quite rare and according to Kränzlin it is not common in Switzerland. According to Neuhoff (1956), the Milchling is said to be somewhat more common in Germany than the very similar and better known olive-brown alder Milchling ( L. obscuratus ).
The moss-milkling is a mycorrhizal fungus that can be associated with various types of alder. Unlike other representatives of the Obscurati subsection , it is often found in thick peat moss cushions. The fruiting bodies usually appear gregarious in moist locations on soils that are poor in bases and nutrients.
Systematics
The taxon was named Lactarius cyathula (Fr.) Fr. (1838) by Lange (1928/1940) and M. Moser (1967) , while Neuhoff (1956) incorrectly named it Lactarius tabidus . In L. tabidus but it is the flutter Milchling , a far more common type that is not associated with alder. Romagnesi saw frieze Lactarius cyathula a noun dubium because its species diagnosis even on Lactarius lilacinus ( Lasch ) Fr. ( Purple Milchling ) and Lactarius obscuratus (Lasch) Fr. was obtained. Therefore he gave the taxon a new name in 1974 with Lactarius omphaliformis . The holotype of the species was collected by Romagnesi in the Haute-Saône department near the municipality of Franchevelle . In the two taxonomy databases Mycobank and Indexfungorum, the spelling variant L. omphaliiformis , which is spelling more correctly, is used.
The species attribute ( epithet ) "omphaliformis" is an allusion to the umbilical- like fruiting bodies, which can look very similar to those of representatives of the umbilical genus ( Omphalina ).
Inquiry systematics
M. Basso places the Milchling in the Rhysocybella section . The section houses small-stature species that are reddish-brown to brownish in color and have no particular smell. The brim of the hat is usually clearly grooved. The scanty milk can sometimes turn slightly and slowly. The milklings, mostly associated with alders, are found in more or less humid locations.
Heilmann-Clausen assigns the Milchling to his Tabidi section . The section includes more or less brown-capped species without a noticeable odor. The cap skin is formed as an epithelium , hyphoepithelium or trichoepithelium , macrocystids are often formed, at least on the lamellar edges, the spores are usually broadly elliptical to elliptical.
meaning
The Milchling is considered inedible.
swell
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. tape 2 , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe . tape 2 , 1998, p. 212-213 .
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 84.
- ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Lactarius omphaliformis. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved April 29, 2016 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius omphaliformis. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015 ; Retrieved November 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe . tape 2 , 1998, p. 271-73 .
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Lactarius omphaliformis. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved November 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Lactarius omphaliformis. Pilzoek database, accessed November 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved November 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jakob Emanuel Lange: Flora agaricina Danica. tape V . Recato, Copenhagen 1940, p. 47 (English, gallica.bnf.fr ).
- ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici . seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 344 (Latin, books.google.de ).
- ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon. Fungi Europa egg . tape 7 , 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 609, 628-32 (Italian).
- ^ Index Fungorum Search. Retrieved January 18, 2013 .
- ↑ Lactarius omphaliformis. In: Mycobank. Retrieved January 18, 2013 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe . tape 2 , 1998, p. 23-28 .
Web links
- Lactarius omphaliformis. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved April 29, 2016 (English, photos and original Latin description).
- Lactarius omphaliformis. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on November 2, 2012 (Italian, good photos of Moos-Milchling).
- Labeled dwarf milkling Lactarius omphaliformi. In: The Tintling. Retrieved January 18, 2013 .