Moskovskaya zheleznaya doroga

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The Moskowskaja selesnaja doroga or Moscow Railway ( Russian Московская железная дорога ) is one of the largest regional departments of the Russian state railway operator Rossijskije schelesnyje dorogi (RŽD). It is based in Moscow and operates most of the railway network in the Moscow metropolitan area and Moscow Oblast, as well as several neighboring areas (primarily Kaluga , Tula , Kursk , Oryol and Lipetsk ).

General data

The Kiev Railway Station of the Moscow Railway

The route network of the Moscow Railway, which is largely made up of Russian broad gauge (1520 mm), has a total length of almost 9000 kilometers and includes a total of 634 stations and stops. As the railway network extends to areas that are among the most densely populated in Russia, the Moscow Railway plays a leading role in passenger and freight transport among the 17 RŽD departments. Around a quarter of all passenger transport by rail in Russia is accounted for by trains operated by Moscow Railways, and in local transport this proportion is even around half. In 2007 the number of employees in the Moscow Railway was around 101,000.

In Moscow alone, Moskovskaya zhelesnaja doroga operates eight of the city's nine long-distance railway stations (only Leningrad station , like the St. Petersburg – Moscow railway that ends there , belongs to the October Railway ). Accordingly, eight main railway lines that begin in Moscow are operated entirely or at least on a part of the Moscow Railway: These include in particular the Moscow– Smolensk (which continues via Minsk and Warsaw to Berlin ), Moscow– Kiev , Moscow - Yaroslavl (which is part of the Trans-Siberian Railway ), Moscow - Kursk and Moscow - Kazan . Branch lines that branch off from these main lines, as well as the two Moscow ring railways (the Small Ring in the city and the Big Ring in Moscow Oblast) also belong to the Moskovskaya seleznaja doroga network.

history

Panki regional station in Lyubertsy on the Moscow – Kazan line

The Moscow Railway is the second oldest railway network in Russia after the St. Petersburg October Railway. The beginning of the construction of the line from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod via Petushki can be assumed in 1858 (today, however, only the section to Petushki belongs to the Moscow railway). On June 14, 1861, traffic on the section to Vladimir began , which could be extended to the trading town of Nizhny Novgorod just a year later. The opening of this connection also had a special historical significance, as it was the first time that Russian regions east of Moscow were connected to the rail network. Also in 1862, the first section of the later Yaroslavl route was opened, which connected Moscow with the monastery town of Sergiev Posad .

By 1892 a number of important routes could be built, including to Ryazan , Smolensk and Bryansk via Kaluga . The routes were originally operated by private joint-stock companies, which were specially founded for the respective route construction and were not always able to record economic success. This changed in 1894 when the entire Russian railway network that had been built up to that point was bought up by the state.

During the Soviet era there were multiple structural reforms of the country's rail network, so that the current network of the Moscow railroad temporarily consisted of six independent departments. It was not until 1959 that the Moscow Railway was formed in its current form. Until the 1960s, all Moscow routes (with the exception of the Small Railway Ring, on which passenger traffic was discontinued in 1930) were also electrified. In addition, all routes used for passenger traffic, with the exception of the Great Railway Ring, were equipped with elevated platforms.

literature

  • G. Afonina: Kratkie svedenija o razvitii otečestvennych železnych dorog s 1838 po 1990 g. MPS, Moscow 1995 ( Brief information on the development of the national railways from 1838 to 1990 ; Russian).
  • Istorija železnodorožnogo transporta Rossii. Tom 1 (1836-1917 gg.) . PGUPS, Saint Petersburg 1994, ISBN 5-85952-005-0 ( History of Russian Railways. Volume 1 (1836–1917) ; Russian).
  • Istorija železnodorožnogo transporta Rossii I Sovetskogo Sojuza. Tom 2 (1917-1945 gg.) . PGUPS, Saint Petersburg 1997, ISBN 5-85952-005-0 ( History of rail traffic in Russia and the Soviet Union. Volume 2 (1917–1945) ; Russian).
  • Železnodorožnyj transport. Ėncyklopedija . Bolʹšaja Rossijskaja Ėncyklopedija, Moscow 1995, ISBN 5-85270-115-7 ( Railway Transport : Encyclopedia ; Russian).

Web links

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