Murina
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| Gray , 1842 |
Murina is a species of bat from the smooth-nosed family(Vespertilionidae). They are usually run as a separate subfamily. It includes about 22 species that live in eastern, southern and southeastern Asia and Australia .
features
The species of the genus Murina resemble those of the genus Myotis in appearance, but have noses that are clearly enlarged to short tubes. The feet are small, the ears are large and short. The tail skin is covered with hair.
| 2 | · | 1 | · | 2 | · | 3 | = 34 |
| 3 | · | 1 | · | 2 | · | 3 |
The skull also corresponds to that of the genus Myotis . It is comparatively long and narrow and rises gradually from the snout region to the skull. The species have two each incisor teeth (incisors), a canine (canine), two Vorbackenzähne (Praemolares) and three molars (Molar) in one half of the maxilla. In the lower jaw there is one more incisor per half of the jaw, the animals have a total of 34 teeth. The upper incisors lack the rear (posterior) tooth tips and the outer incisor is larger than the inner one. The small anterior premolar P2 between the canine and the larger posterior premolar P4 is sometimes very well developed. The first and second upper molar have a square crown, the hypercone is missing and the anterior styli are comparatively small or reduced, which means that the “W” shape of the enamel structure is incomplete. The third upper molar is short and narrow.
Way of life
Little is known about the way of life of most of the species in the genus. They often live in hilly areas and, like most bats, are nocturnal, although they probably feed primarily on insects. During the day they rest in small groups, often under leaves in the vegetation or in caves.
Genera and species
The genus Murina was described by John Edward Gray in 1842 . There are more than 20 species within the genus:
- the bronze-colored tube-nosed bat ( Murina aenea ) lives on the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
- Murina annamitica in Southeast Asia.
- the small tube-nosed bat ( Murina aurata ) differs from the other species by its yellowish fur. She lives in southern China, northern India, Myanmar and Thailand.
- Murina balaensis from southern Thailand.
- Murina beelzebub
- the round-eared tube-nosed bat ( Murina cyclotis ) occurs from Sri Lanka to the Philippines and the Lesser Sunda Islands .
- Murina fanjingshanensis from Guizhou .
- Murina feae in Southeast Asia ( Murina cineracea is classified as a synonym for this species.)
- Murina fionae in Southeast Asia.
- the Flores tube-nosed bat ( Murina florium ) is widespread from Sulawesi to New Guinea and north-eastern Queensland .
- the dark tube-nosed bat ( Murina fusca ) occurs only in Manchuria .
- Murina grisea lives in a small area in northern India ( Uttarakhand ). The species has not been sighted for over 100 years and may already be extinct; the IUCN lists it as critically endangered.
- the Harrison's tube-nosed bat ( Murina harrisoni ; Murina eleryi from northern Vietnam. and Laos is considered a synonym)
- the Hilgendorf tube-nosed bat ( Murina hilgendorfi )
- Murina hkakaboraziensis occurs in the mountains of northern Myanmar.
- the white-bellied tube-nosed bat ( Murina huttoni ) occurs from northern India to Malaysia .
- the reddish tube-nosed bat ( Murina leucogaster ) lives in southern Siberia , China and Japan .
- the Taiwanese tube-nosed bat ( Murina puta ) is endemic to Taiwan . The species is considered endangered.
- the golden tube-nosed bat ( Murina rozendaali ) only lives on Borneo.
- the Ryukyu tube-nosed bat ( Murina ryukyuana )
- the Japanese tube-nosed bat ( Murina silvatica ) is endemic to Japan.
- the brown tube-nosed bat ( Murina suilla ) is one of the smallest species with a weight of 3 to 4 grams. She lives on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java .
- the Tsushima tube-nosed bat ( Murina tenebrosa ) is known only from a single specimen from the Japanese island of Tsushima . The IUCN lists the species as critically endangered.
- the Scully tube-nosed bat ( Murina tubinaris ) is widespread from northern Pakistan to Vietnam .
- the East Siberian tube-nosed bat ( Murina ussuriensis ) is native to south-eastern Siberia, the Kuriles , Sakhalin and Korea . Due to the destruction of its habitat, the species is considered threatened.
- Murina walstoni
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c Don E. Wilson: Murina. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; P. 383 ff. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
- ↑ Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Murina in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed).
- ^ A b c d Charles M. Francis, Judith L. Eger Acta: A Review of Tube-Nosed Bats (Murina) from Laos with a Description of Two New Species. Chiropterologica 14 (1), 2012; Pp. 15-38. doi : 10.3161 / 150811012X654231 .
- ↑ Soisook, Pipat, Sunate Karapan, Chutamas Satasook & Paul JJ Bates. 2013. A New Species of Murina (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Peninsular Thailand. Zootaxa . 3746 (4): 567-579.
- ↑ a b c d Gabor Csorba; Nguyen Truong Son; Ith Saveng; Neil M. Furey: Revealing Cryptic Bat Diversity: Three New Murina and Redescription of M. tubinaris from Southeast Asia. Journal of Mammalogy 92 (4), 2011; Pp. 8891-904. doi : 10.1644 / 10-MAMM-A-269.1 , full text
- ↑ Fang He, Ning Xiao and Jiang Zhou. 2016. A New Species of Murina from China (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) . Cave Research. 2: 2
- ↑ Furey, NM; Thong, VD; Bates, PJJ; Csorba, G. 2009. Description of a new species belonging to the Murina 'suilla-group' (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Murininae) from north Vietnam. Acta Chiropterologica. 11 (2): 225-236.
- ↑ Pipat Soisook, Win Naing Thaw, Myint Kyaw, Sai Sein Lin Oo, Awatsaya Pimsai, Marcela Suarez-Rubio and Swen C. Renner. 2017. A New Species of Murina (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from sub-Himalayan Forests of northern Myanmar. Zootaxa. 4320 (1); 159-172. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4320.1.9
literature
- Don E. Wilson: Murina. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; Pp. 338 ff. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
