Round-eared tube-nosed bat
| Round-eared tube-nosed bat | ||||||||||||
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| Murina cyclotis | ||||||||||||
| Dobson , 1872 |
The round-eared tube-nosed bat ( Murina cyclotis ) is a bat species of the genus Murina . It occurs in Asia from central China and Sri Lanka over the mainland regions from Southeast Asia to the Philippines .
features
The round-eared tube-nosed bat is a small type of bat and reaches a head-trunk length of about 38 to 50 millimeters and a tail length of about 32 to 42 millimeters. The hind feet are 7 to 10 millimeters long. The ears are almost round and the width corresponds approximately to the length of 12 to 15 millimeters, the tragus is thread-shaped. The back hair is dark gray at the base and smoky gray at the top. The ventral side is light brown. The forearm length is 30 to 35 millimeters, the palm membranes start at the base of the toes. The tail fly skin (uropatagium) and the outside of the hind feet are hairy and the tip of the tail is exposed. The nasal passages are elongated like a tube, typical of the species.
| 2 | · | 1 | · | 2 | · | 3 | = 34 |
| 3 | · | 1 | · | 2 | · | 3 |
Like other Murina TYPES owned pets two front teeth (incisors), a canine (canine), two Vorbackenzähne (Praemolares) and three molars (Molar) in one half of the maxilla. In the lower jaw there is one more incisor per half of the jaw, a total of 34 teeth. The anterior premolar of the upper jaw (P2) is slightly smaller than the posterior (P4).
distribution
The round-eared tube-nosed bat is widespread over large parts of South, East and Southeast Asia. It occurs from south- central China , western Nepal and India via Sri Lanka and Myanmar and most of the mainland from Southeast Asia to the islands of the Philippines and Indonesia . In China, the species has been found in Jiangxi and Hainan . In India it can be found in Andhra Pradesh , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Sikkim , Tamil Nadu and West Bengal as well as on the Nicobar Islands . It was documented on the Nicobar Islands from the islands of Groß Nikobar , Trinket , Nancowrie , Kamorta , Tillangchong , Katchal , Bompuka and Teressa . In Southeast Asia it occurs in Thailand , Laos , Cambodia , Vietnam and Malaysia , from there the distribution area extends over Bali and Borneo to the Philippine islands of Biliran , Camiguin , Catanduanes , Luzon , Mindanao , Samar , Negros , Panay , Sibuyan and Siqujor . The altitude distribution in South Asia ranges from about 250 to 1500 meters.
Way of life
The habitats of the round-eared tube-nosed bat are mainly secondary forest areas as well as agricultural areas and plantations. Like other bats, it is nocturnal and lives mainly on insects that it prey on in flight. They fly close to the ground and fly very skillfully through the vegetation. The animals rest and hide mainly in the canopy of the vegetation, where they are well camouflaged due to their color. In South Asia they live in cardamom plantations and rest on the leaf stems of the plants. They form small groups of two to five animals. In addition, they were sometimes found in smaller caves, tunnels and crevices in the rock.
Systematics
The round-eared tube-nosed bat is assigned to the genus Murina as an independent species . The first scientific description comes from the zoologist George Edward Dobson , who described the species in 1872 using individuals from the Darjeeling region in India. The type was sent to him along with other bats from the northwest by Captain WG Murray.
In addition to the nominate form, three subspecies are distinguished within the species :
- Murina cyclotis cyclotis Dobson 1872, nominate form
- Murina cyclotis eileenae Phillips, 1932
- Murina cyclotis peninsularis Hill, 1964
It is not clear whether the species is a single species or a species complex of at least two species.
Hazard and protection
The species is classified as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) due to its large distribution area and frequent occurrence . There are no known risks to the species, but it is possible that deforestation poses a threat to regional populations. However, the animals are very adaptable and they also live in agricultural areas.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g Don E. Wilson: Round-Eared Tube-Nosed Bat. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; P. 384, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
- ↑ Don E. Wilson: Murina. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; P. 383 ff. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Murina cyclotis in the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN 2017-3. Listed by: P. Bates, C. Francis, G. Rosell-Ambal, B. Tabaranza, L. Heaney, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
- ↑ a b George Edward Dobson : Notes on some bats collected by Captain WG Murray, in the North-Western Himalaya, with description of new species. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1872; S. 2010. ( digitized version )
- ^ A b Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (eds.): Murina (Murina) cyclotis in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed).
literature
- Don E. Wilson: Round-Eared Tube-Nosed Bat. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008; P. 384, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 .
Web links
- Murina cyclotis inthe IUCN 2017-3 Red List of Endangered Species . Listed by: P. Bates, C. Francis, G. Rosell-Ambal, B. Tabaranza, L. Heaney, S. Molur, C. Srinivasulu, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2018.