Musala
| Musala | ||
|---|---|---|
 At the top of the Musala |
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| height | 2925 m | |
| location | Bulgaria | |
| Mountains | Rila | |
| Dominance | 810 km → Uyluk Tepe ( Taurus Mountains ) | |
| Notch height | 2473 m ↓ Morava-Vardar furrow 20 km south of Bujanovac | |
| Coordinates | 42 ° 10 ′ 45 " N , 23 ° 35 ′ 7" E | |
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| Type | alpine rock summit | |
| First ascent | King Philip V of Macedonia | |
| particularities | highest mountain in Bulgaria and the Balkans | |
The Musala ( Bulgarian Мусала ), located in the Rila National Park, is the highest mountain in Bulgaria and the entire Balkan Peninsula . Its peak was first reached by mountaineers in the 19th century. Two scientific observation stations of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are located on its broad top .
Location and naming
The Musala (also spelled Mussala) offers distant views of all mountain regions of Bulgaria with the Vitosha Mountains in the northwest, the Balkan Mountains, the Rhodope Mountains in the southeast and the Pirin Mountains and of course the surrounding mountain tops of the Rila Mountains such as the Little Musala ( Малка Мусала , 2902 m) and the Iretschek ( Иречек , 2852 m).
Many centuries ago, the designated proto-Bulgarians the mountain after their sky god Tangra , whose name only in the 15th century by the Ottomans in Musala ( Masallah : was changed God's praise). The Bulgarians have left many other traces, such as several rocks with runic inscriptions with the divine name Tangra. The summit was called from 1949 to 1962 after the battle name of the Soviet dictator Mount Stalin , there was also a namesake Pik Stalin in the Soviet Union in the Tajik Pamir Mountains .
geography
The mountainous area around the Musala was partially formed by the Ice Age and its glaciers. As a result, mountain lakes are also left behind, such as the 20,000 m² Musala Lake located at around 2700 m , i.e. 200 meters below the summit . Three of the largest rivers in Bulgaria - Iskar , Mariza and Mesta - have their source in the Rila Mountains near the Musala Mountains.
The weather station has been on this mountain since the 19th century, a fire destroyed the wooden structure in 1964. In 1999, the station was rebuilt from solid material as the Musala Environmental Observatory ( Basic Environmental Observatory , BEO) and reopened. It belongs to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , whose scientists now also carry out astrophysical observations and measure air pollution and space radiation.
The mountain top is covered in snow and ice for eight to nine months of the year. On very many days, thick fog envelops the summit. With an average annual temperature of -3 degrees Celsius, Musala is the coldest place in the Balkans. On February 14, 2004, one of the lowest temperatures in Bulgaria in the 21st century was recorded at −31.8 degrees Celsius.
fauna and Flora
The rich flora and fauna in the woods at the foot and on the slopes of the mountain are remarkable . However, its summit does not have any higher vegetation. For example, the Rumelian pine and the Bulgarian fir (Abies borisii-regis) are native here. The wall creeper can often be seen among the birds.
Ascents
The first historically documented conqueror of the mountain is King Philip V of Macedonia . The easiest way to get to Musala is from Borovets, ten kilometers to the north . There has also been a cabin lift from there since the 1970s that extends to the Jastrebez mountain hut at an altitude of 2369 meters. The Musala hut at 2,430 m can be reached in one hour. The mountaineers then reach the summit over the Everest shoulder in around one to two hours. The ascent does not require any special high mountain experience or special alpine equipment.
Usage of names
A leading software service company from Sofia in Bulgaria is called Musala Soft.
On the island of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, there is the Mussala Glacier , which is named after this Bulgarian mountain.
In the Herzegovinian city of Mostar, there is a bridge over the Neretva River called Musala. It dates from the 19th century and was destroyed in 1992 during the civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In 2000 the bridge, rebuilt in modern forms, was inaugurated.
literature
- Booklet “Alpin” number 5 (2001) - Everything about the Mussala
- Carl McKeating, Rachel Crolla: Europe's High Points , Cicerone Paperback, 2009
Web links
- Website of the scientific station at the summit
- Video sequence from Mount Musala on youtube, 44 sec.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Musala on peakbagger , accessed on August 3, 2020
- ↑ Peter Grupp : Fascination Mountain: The History of Alpinism . Böhlau, 2008, ISBN 3-412-20086-7 , pp. 24 .
- ↑ Национален институт по метеорология и хидрология (website of the National Meteorological Institute, accessed August 26, 2010).
- ↑ BEO-Moussala (Website of the Basic Environmental Observatory , BEO, accessed on 26 August 2010).
- ↑ Tangrist sanctuaries
- ^ Website with information about Mount Stalin ( Mount Communism ) in the Pamirs; Retrieved February 16, 2010 .
- ↑ Geographical Reports (on surveys of mountain regions in Bulgaria); Volume 29-31; Geographical Society of the German Democratic Republic in the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (Ed.), Gotha / Leipzig, Geographisch-Kartographische Anstalt, n.d. (only limited preview), accessed on February 16, 2010
- ↑ photo of the lake; Retrieved February 16, 2010
- ↑ E. Slavcheva Malamova, I. Angelov, K. Davidkov, J. Stamenov, I. Kirov: First Results Obtained with Wide-Angle Cerenkov Light Telescope BEO p. Mussala. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference. July 31-August 7, 2003. Trukuba, Japan. Under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), bibcode : 2003ICRC .... 1..225S , p. 225 - Information about measurements using the Cherenkov telescope in the astrophysical station on Musala.
- ^ Severe weather in Greece and Turkey on February 13 and 14, 2004
- ^ Homepage of Musala-soft
- ↑ Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica: Musala Glacier (accessed August 26, 2010).
- ^ Summary of the 3rd International Conference on Bridges; Retrieved February 16, 2010
- ↑ View of all bridges in Mostar, including the rebuilt Musala Bridge ( memento of the original from March 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Page from the book Europe's High Points with brief information on the Musala
