Stretchable helmet liner
| Stretchable helmet liner | ||||||||||||
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The stretchable helmet ( Mycena epipterygia ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Mycena epipterygia | ||||||||||||
| ( Scop. ) SF Gray |
The Expandable helmet Ling ( Mycena epipterygia ) is a fungus - kind from the family of Mycenaceae . The very variable Helmling is yellowish-green to gray-brown in color. His hat and handle are covered with a greasy, elastic, gelatinous skin. If you pull the mushroom apart on the stem, both halves remain connected for a long time by a gelatinous skin. This is why the mushroom is also known as a skin-covered helmet or a rubber helmet . The common and inedible fungus grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. Its fruiting bodies appear between September and November.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the stretchable helmet ring is 1–2.5 cm wide. It is bell-shaped at first, later bell-shaped to arched and often has a flat hump at the top. The hat color varies a lot. The hat can be yellow-green to yellow-brown, but also gray-yellow to gray-brown in color. The color usually becomes lighter towards the edge. The brim of the hat is grooved through. In damp weather, the helmet is covered by a thick, sticky layer that can be peeled off as a transparent, gelatinous skin.
The lamellas have grown on the stem or run down it with a tooth. They are initially whitish to gray-whitish in color. Later they can also be tinged with gray-pink. A gelatinous thread can be removed from the lamellar cutting edge with a needle or tweezers. The lamellae are relatively far apart and are mixed in with intermediate lamellae. About 17-23 lamellae extend from the edge of the hat to the stem. The spore powder is white.
The cylindrical stem is up to 8 cm long and 1–3 mm wide. It is tough, hollow, yellowish to yellowish green in color, and like the hat is covered with a gelatinous skin that stretches like a rubber when the handle is pulled apart. The mushroom is therefore also called a rubber helmet. When wet, the stem feels very slimy to sticky. The fruiting body smells slightly geranium-like when young and unharmed. But it can also smell musty and earthy or musty and floury. The meat tastes slightly floury.
Microscopic features
The nuclear to broadly nuclear, amyloid spores are 8–11 µm long and 4.5–8 µm wide. The spores of two-pored basidia are slightly larger and measure 9–13.5 × 7–8 µm. The club-shaped basidia are 27–35 µm long and 7–8 µm wide and mostly four-pore. But there are also two-pore basidia.
The club-shaped cheilocystids are 12.5–55 µm long and 4.5–10 µm wide and form a sterile band on the lamellar sheath, which is embedded in a gelatinous mass. The cheilocystidia have some irregularly distributed and rather coarse and long outgrowths. The cylindrical to slightly inflated growths are 2–14.5 µm long and 1–4.5 µm thick. They can be simple, but are mostly forked or branched. Pleurocystids are absent. The lamellar trama is dextrinoid and turns wine-brown in color.
The cap skin hyphae ( Pileipellis ) are 2–3.5 µm wide and embedded in a gelatinous mass. They are also covered with simple to fork-shaped or branched outgrowths that are up to 11 µm long and up to 2.5 µm wide. The hyphal end cells themselves are up to 6.5 µm wide.
The hyphae of the pedunculate bark layer are 1–2 µm wide and also bound in a gelatinous mass. They are smooth or have very thin, cylindrical outgrowths. The slightly cylindrical or club-shaped end cells are up to 8 µm wide. They can have a few to numerous, fairly large outgrowths. Buckle connections are present at the base of the hyphae.
Species delimitation
The stretchable helmet is a very variable collection type with many different varieties and transitional forms that are difficult to differentiate.
Typical and unique for him is his slimy stem and slimy hat. If you pull the stem of the Helmling apart, the two halves of the stem remain connected for a long time by the elastic, gelatinous skin. This indicator is lost after a frost. The greasy helmling ( M. epipterygioides ) is very similar . It grows more compact and is more greenish in color. It is preferred to find it on old stumps. The species is only viewed as a variety by many mycologists.
ecology
The stretchable helmling can be found frequently in all domestic forest types. It is particularly common in coniferous forests, where it likes to grow on the ground under spruce or pine. It can usually be found in the leaf and coniferous litter, but it can also grow on pieces of wood or stumps. Outside of coniferous forests, it is most commonly found in beech and fir-beech forests. But it also occurs on forest paths, forest edges and in hedges. But it was also found in parks or gardens. It is a species of fungus with no particular demands on the soil, temperature or pH value, it only remains absent in locations that are too eutrophic . The Helmling prefers spruce wood, but other softwoods or beech wood can also serve as a substrate. Occasionally, the fungus also grows on other hardwoods or on the woody stems of ferns, shrubs or grasses. The fruiting bodies appear gregarious to clusters from late August to November. In mild winters, supernatural fruiting bodies can still be found in January.
distribution
The extensible helmling is a Holarctic species, that is, it is distributed over the entire northern hemisphere. The helmling is found in North Asia (Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia, Japan), in North America (USA, Canada), on the Canary Islands, in North Africa (Algeria, under cedar trees ) and in Europe. In Europe the species is distributed meridional to boreal . The distribution area extends from the Mediterranean to the northern coniferous forest area. In southern Europe, the distribution area extends from Spain via Italy to Romania and Greece. In Western Europe, the species is widespread from France through the Benelux countries to Great Britain and Ireland. The helmling has also been found in the Hebrides , Shetland Islands, and the Faroe Islands . In the east, the distribution area extends from Estonia in the northeast to Ukraine in the southeast. In the north, the Helmling was found in Iceland and throughout Fennoscandinavia . In Finland the distribution area extends to central Lapland . The species is common everywhere in Central Europe.
Systematics
The stretchable helmling is the only species in the Hygrocyboideae section . However, some mycologists consider some of the varieties described to be independent species. In Germany, three to four other varieties are common in addition to the type. Most of the varieties have been described in North America.
| variety | author | description |
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| Mycena epipterygia var. Viscosa | ( Maire ) Ricken (1915) | The variety, the dark helmling ( M. viscosa ), has also been described as a separate species. He is overall larger and stronger than the type, his hat is 2-3 cm wide. With age, the helmling gets red-brown spots on the hat and lamellae. Ripe fruit bodies have a strong trance-rancid smell. The fungus only grows on softwood, especially spruce and fir wood. |
| Mycena epipterygia var. Pelliculosa | ( Fr. ) Maas Geest. (1980) | The slats have different shades of gray, without pink or purple tones. Some authors see the variety as an independent species. |
| Mycena epipterygia var. Fuscopurpurea | ( Arnold's ) Maas Geest. | The slats tinted pink or purple. |
| Mycena epipterygia var. Epipterygioides | ( A. Pearson ) Kühner (1938) | The fruit bodies are more compact and usually more greenish in color. They are mostly found on stumps. The basidia are two-pore, while all other Central European varieties have four-pore basidia. |
The varieties pelliculosa and fuscopurpurea are now synonymous by most mycologists.
meaning
Like all helmet liner, the stretchable helmet liner is considered inedible.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Mycena epipterygia. (Scop.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 619 (1821). In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved December 9, 2011 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 90 .
- ↑ a b Mushrooms, Volume 1: Lamellae mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellae . Spectrum of nature FSVO. In: Ewald Gerhart (Ed.): Intersivführer . tape 1 . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 129 .
- ↑ Arne Aronsen: Mycena epipterygia. A key to the Mycenas of Norway. (No longer available online.) In: Mycena Page / home.online.no. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013 ; accessed on December 7, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 182 .
- ↑ a b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , pp. 431-433.
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Mycena epipterygia. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved December 15, 2011 .
- ^ Mycena epipterygia. Pilzoek database, accessed December 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mešić: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I . Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 81 , ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 144 ( online ).
- ↑ Mycena viscosa. Maire, R., 1910, Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 26: 162. In: mycobank.org. Retrieved December 16, 2011 .
Web links
- Mycena epipterygia. Mushroom Atlas. In: Nahuby.sk. Retrieved on December 16, 2011 (Slovak, good website with scientific standards and lots of good pictures).