Nazi forced labor in Schleswig-Holstein
The Nazi forced labor in Schleswig-Holstein was of great importance for the production of the province of Schleswig-Holstein during the Second World War . During the war, about a quarter of the workforce were foreign forced laborers . The Nazi forced labor is one of the most important topics in the regional history of the time of National Socialism .
Facility
The attack on Poland in September 1939 resulted in thousands of Polish military personnel being captured by Germany. In October 1939, the Heide labor office was the first in Schleswig-Holstein to be assigned 1,250 prisoners of war for salvaging the cabbage harvest . Guarded camps were set up for the prisoners. The prisoners of war had to come back to their camp every evening. They were not allowed to stay overnight with the farmers.
When the German-Soviet War began in June 1941 , the Germans took many Soviet prisoners. The Soviet prisoners were insufficiently cared for. Due to the National Socialist racial ideology , the Soviet prisoners of war were initially not included in the German forced labor system. Two thirds of the Soviet prisoners of war died from deliberate neglect and starvation. Finally, Soviet prisoners of war were brought to Schleswig-Holstein for work. Many of them arrived in the province in a pitiful, half-starved condition. As a result, camps were set up in Heidkaten near Kaltenkirchen (autumn 1941 to April 1944) and later near Gudendorf (April 1944 until the end of the war in 1945), which served as “death camps”. 3,000 Soviet prisoners of war died in Gudendorf. How many died in Heidkaten is unclear, but a four-digit death rate is also assumed. For many Soviet soldiers, the extension of the labor deployment came too late.
Warehouse distribution
In the period from 1939 to 1945 there were numerous forced labor camps in Schleswig-Holstein . They were spread over the entire area of the province. There were evidently forced labor camps in all cities and larger settlement areas in Schleswig-Holstein. Only in the less populated area around Haselund apparently no forced labor camps existed. In the area around Kaltenkirchen also existed no forced labor camp, but even the already mentioned forced labor camps and in Kaltenkirchen concentration camp Kaltenkirchen the Neuengamme concentration camp existed. More subcamp of the concentration camp Neuengamme in Schleswig-Holstein during the war were beyond the concentration camp Kiel , the concentration camp Ladelund , the concentration camp Husum-Schwesing , the concentration camp Lütjenburg - Hohwacht , the concentration camp subcamp Neustadt Holstein and the Breitenfelde subcamp near Mölln (see list of the Neuengamme subcamps ). The number of forced labor camps was much higher. There were more than 300 camps in Schleswig-Holstein alone (see also: Nazi forced labor in the Hamburg area ).
scope
Schleswig-Holstein profited extremely strongly from the Nazi slave labor system. The proportion of foreign workers during the war was thirty-five percent above the national average. About 220,000 foreigners performed forced labor in Schleswig-Holstein. In Schleswig-Holstein in particular Poles and Eastern workers, people from the Soviet Union, were deployed. The foreign workers were deployed longer than in the rest of the Reich , so they were not dismissed into civilian employment or sent back to their homeland.
The proportion of foreigners in the seven employment office districts of Schleswig-Holstein was as follows: Kiel 21.6% (cf. Nazi forced labor in Kiel ), Elmshorn 26.7%, Flensburg 28.8%, Lübeck 30.3%, Bad Oldesloe and Neumünster each 36.6%. Heide counted the highest proportion. There the forced laborers represented 43.4% of the total workforce. In the province of Schleswig-Holstein many forced laborers were employed in the agricultural sector. In the Elmshorn Abeitsamtz district, 72% of all employees were foreigners. In Lübeck, many forced laborers were used in the iron, steel and metal goods manufacturing sector. They made up 56% of the workforce in this segment. The chemical industry in particular was to be found in the Bad Oldesloe employment office district. The proportion of foreigners there in this segment was 62.6%. Kiel was the location of most of the industrial companies. Machine, boiler, apparatus and vehicle construction took place there. The proportion of foreigners in this branch of industry in Kiel was 16.7%.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Society for Schleswig-Holstein History. Forced labor and sickness , accessed on: May 1, 2020
- ↑ "Forced Laborers in Schleswig-Holstein 1939-1945" (2000) , accessed on: May 1, 2020
- ↑ Prisoners of War in Schleswig-Holstein. A Chronicle 1939 , accessed on: May 1, 2020
- ↑ IZRG. Soviet prisoners of war in Schleswig-Holstein (1941–1945) , accessed on: May 2, 2020
- ^ Schleswig-Holstein at the weekend. (sh: z magazine for the daily newspaper) : What was left of the horror, issue 35, September 1, 2018 or a map there
- ^ Nils Köhler and Sebastian Lehmann: Camps, Accommodation for Foreigners and Prisoner of War Commands in Schleswig-Holstein 1939-1945 , accessed on: March 1, 2020
- ^ "Forced Laborers in Schleswig-Holstein 1939-1945" (2000) and Society for Schleswig-Holstein History. Forced labor and sickness and Rolf Schwarz. Ic. Exact numbers and dates as well as Rolf Schwarz. IVk) nationalities and questions not asked , each accessed on: May 1, 2020
- ^ Rolf Schwarz. The employment relationships in the employment office districts of Schleswig-Holstein , accessed on: March 1, 2020
- ↑ In addition, forced laborers were used in the church. The historian Harald Jenner stated that the Evangelical Church of Germany in Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein used at least sixty forced laborers in its facilities. Jenner also noted that foreign forced laborers were doing comparatively well in the service of the Church. (Source: Die Welt : On the Trail of Entanglement , from: August 26, 2000; accessed on: May 2, 2020)
