NS-Ordensburg

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Map with the NS-Ordensburgen (red dots) and Führer cities, Gau capitals, large planning areas

At the time of National Socialism in Germany, three training centers for future leadership personnel ( cadres ) of the NSDAP were established between 1934 and 1936 under the name Ordensburg or Schulungsburg . The Reichsleiter Robert Ley , head of the German Labor Front, was responsible for planning .

description

Ordensburg Sonthofen, model of the entire complex (1934)

The Ordensburgen were new buildings, not converted medieval castles . The medieval Teutonic castles , a mixture of barracks , castle and monastery , were a vague historical model .

The following NS-Ordensburgen were built and put into operation:

In addition, the Cologne architect Clemens Klotz made further plans for National Socialist order castles, but these were not realized. In the east, one was planned on the site of the medieval Marienburg Order Castle near Gdansk and a second with the project name “Weichselburg” in the Kazimierz district of Kraków . In the west there were plans for a castle on the Saar loop near Mettlach .

Training of the order junker

Marching Junkers on Ordensburg Vogelsang (1937)

The partisan training at the Ordensburgen should follow an overall concept, according to which each institution had a thematic focus:

  • Vogelsang: "Racial Philosophy of the New Order" (National Socialist racial ideology )
  • Krössinsee: Character education
  • Sonthofen: administrative, military and diplomacy

One after the other, the order junkers - as the course participants were called - were to undergo a one-year training course at the three order castles, starting at Vogelsang Castle and ending in Sonthofen Castle. The lessons were carried out by the regular leaders permanently stationed at the Ordensburg. However, a coherent curriculum did not materialize. Apart from the main topics mentioned, the training was mainly characterized by military and sporting exercises. Alfred Rosenberg also planned a high school of the NSDAP on the banks of the Chiemsee. The Ordensjunker approved for the training should have already proven themselves in the NSDAP and should be between 25 and 30 years old. In initially three, later in four and a half years, the training to become a party or administrative leader was completed at the individual castles. Since May 1936 courses have been held in Vogelsang; there and in Krössinsee an estimated 2,000 men underwent ideological training. Ordensjunker, who, according to Heinen, were considered to be “among the most unscrupulous and fanatical” leaders, took up leading positions in German civil administration in the East, for example as regional commissioners in the Reich Commissariats for Ukraine and Ostland. In these offices, the members of the Ordensburg were significantly involved in the Nazi crimes, not least in the scheduled murder of the Jewish population. When ethnic German resettlers settled in occupied Poland in 1939 and 1940 , the Order Castles provided logistical support with buses for transport.

Imperial training castles

Based on the NS-Ordensburgen, other training centers of the DAF and the NSDAP Reichsschulungsburg or Schulungsburg were named (even if the houses had nothing to do with a castle). Such imperial training castles existed in Saßnitz , Oberursel (the Villa Gans ), Erwitte (see Erwitte Castle ) and Königswinter (today's Adam-Stegerwald-Haus ). After the annexation of Austria , the Altkettenhof Castle also became the Reichsschulungsburg of the DAF. The same applies to the Reichsschulungsburg of German technology on the Plassenburg in Kulmbach .

Documentaries

  • Hitler's order castles. Documentation, 2004, 45 min., Script and direction: Peter Prestel and Rudolf Sporrer, production: BR , first broadcast: May 3, 2004, summary ( memento from June 16, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) by BR
  • Stone documents of the 3rd Reich. Documentation, 2006, 50 min., Zeitreisen-Verlag

literature

  • Hans-Dieter Arntz : Ordensburg Vogelsang ... through the ages. Helios-Verlag, Aachen 2007, ISBN 978-3-938208-51-9 .
  • Hans-Dieter Arntz: Ordensburg Vogelsang 1934–1945. In: Germany archive. Third Reich. Documents. Archiv-Verlag, Braunschweig 2008 (loose-leaf collection).
  • Hans-Dieter Arntz: Ordensburg Vogelsang 1934 - 1945. Education for political leadership in the Third Reich. Kümpel - Volksblatt-Druckerei and Verlag Euskirchen 1986, ISBN 3-9800787-2-8 (5th and updated edition. Verlag Landpresse, Weilerswist 2006, ISBN 3-935221-69-X ).
  • Hans-Dieter Arntz: Vogelsang - history of the former order castle. Helios-Verlag, Aachen 2008, ISBN 978-3-938208-71-7 .
  • Paul Ciupke, Franz-Josef Jelich (Hrsg.): Philosophical education in religious castles of the National Socialism. On the history and future of the Ordensburg Vogelsang. Klartext, Essen 2006, ISBN 3-89861-713-0 ( history and adult education. Vol. 20).
  • Hartmut Happel: The Allgäu Ordensburg in Sonthofen. Eberl, Immenstadt 1996, ISBN 3-920269-01-2 .
  • FA Heinen : Godless, shameless, unscrupulous. For the eastern deployment of the Ordensburg teams. Gaasterland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-935873-27-7 .
  • Franz Albert Heinen: NS-Ordensburgen. Vogelsang, Sonthofen, Krössinsee. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86153-618-5 .
  • Franz Albert Heinen: Vogelsang. In the heart of the Eifel National Park. An accompanying booklet through the former "NS-Ordensburg". Gaasterland Verlag, Düsseldorf 2006, ISBN 3-935873-11-5 ( Rhineland leisure guide ).
  • Gerhard Klein: The NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen 1934 to 1945. In: Paul Ciupke, Franz-Josef Jelich (Hrsg.): Philosophical education in the order castles of the National Socialism. On the history and future of the Ordensburg Vogelsang. Klartext, Essen 2006, ISBN 3-89861-713-0 , pp. 65–84 ( history and adult education. Vol. 20).
  • Alexander Kuffner: time travel guide. Eifel 1933–1945. Helios-Verlag, Aachen 2007, ISBN 978-3-938208-42-7 .
  • Rolf Sawinski: The Ordensburg Krössinsee in Pomerania. From the NS-Ordensburg to the Polish barracks. 2nd Edition. Helios-Verlag, Aachen 2004, 2008, ISBN 978-3-933608-77-2 .
  • Ruth Schmitz-Ehmke : The Ordensburg Vogelsang. Architecture, building sculpture, equipment. 2nd modified and expanded edition. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-7927-1877-4 ( workbook of the Rhenish preservation of monuments 41).
  • Michael Schröders: A revolution in our entire view of history? Erich Maschke, the Nazi ideology of history and the political training in monastic castles of the NSDAP , in: National Socialism in the Euskirchen District , Vol. 3: Culture, Economy, Tourism. Edited by the history association of the Euskirchen district. Euskirchen 2011.

Web links

Wiktionary: Ordensburg  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ International architecture competition “Forum Vogelsang”. Announcement of a limited two-phase implementation competition according to RAW 2004. ( Word file ) Vogelsang IP non-profit GmbH, archived from the original on January 9, 2014 ; accessed on January 1, 2018 .
  2. ↑ The history of Vogelsang. Vogelsang IP non-profit GmbH, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on January 1, 2018 .
  3. ^ Franz Albert Heinen: Ordensburg Vogelsang. The history of the NS-Kaderschmiede in the Eifel. Christoph Links Verlag GmbH, Berlin 2014, p. 20.
  4. ↑ Michael Schröders: “Elite education” in NS-Ausleseschulen and Ordensburgen. Forum "Barbarossa": Article 1/2004. Historisches Centrum Hagen , accessed on January 1, 2018 .