National resistance

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National resistance is a collective term and the self-designation for an informal network of various independent right-wing extremist groups in German-speaking countries.

Concept formation and meaning

The term was mainly proclaimed by the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) and includes the actionist part of the National Extra-Parliamentary Opposition (NAPO) propagated by the NPD . In his opening speech on the 1st day of the national resistance , Holger Apfel stated that the NPD is the only organized party "that fights the political system in the FRG down to the roots, and that it also removes the roots." Publishers also the pocket calendar of national resistance .

According to the Thuringian Office for the Protection of the Constitution , the term also used by parts of the neo-Nazi scene denotes "the will of right-wing extremists to take joint action across organizations against the political system of the Federal Republic and the forces that support it."

Within the right-wing extremist scene, the term plays a role as an integrative element in slogans , publications and in group symbolism (clothing, banners, etc.). The term is also a frequent topic in right-wing radical music , for example in titles by Stahlgewitter , Veit or on the samplers of the series Ballads of National Resistance (with Frank Rennicke , Jörg Hähnel and Daniel Eggers, among others ). The Saxon Office for the Protection of the Constitution sees the name as an "umbrella term that [...] can be seen as the lowest common denominator". So "every individual, every group and every party member can consider themselves part of the National Resistance if they agree with the fundamental goal of 'eliminating all anti-people and nature-hostile processes'".

Associated groupings

The affiliation of groups to the National Resistance is not clear, the demarcation to other identification groups ( Autonomous Nationalists , Free Nationalists, Free Resistance) is blurred. In particular, the Free Comradeships have seen themselves as the bearers of national resistance since right-wing extremist groups were banned in the 1990s. There are numerous local and regional groups that appear under the name National Resistance . Although these groups do not have a fixed common organizational form and structure, there is a “basic consensus ” within the scene on the content and positions of national resistance. According to Thomas Grumke , this includes "a clear front line against a world order that is perceived as ' Jewish - Mammonist ' and Western - decadent in general and the social and political conditions in the Federal Republic in particular."

Armin Pfahl-Traughber sees a self -image of parts of the right-wing scene as a movement of the national resistance. Although some of the individual groups had “no intellectually developed programmatic ideas”, they “definitely had a developed 'we-feeling' in the sense of belonging to a movement with certain common enemy images and ideals as identification features”.

Significance in the right of assembly

Failure to use slogans with the words “National Resistance” can, following a decision by the Federal Constitutional Court, be made a condition for the approval of meetings.

reception

The fashion label Storch Heinar up in satirical intent with reference to the right slogan "Here the national resistance marches", among others, T-shirts and sweatshirts with the words "Here the national livestock marches" and corresponding animal figures (cow, duck and deer) as " Anti- Anti-Antifa demo divide ”.

Other meanings

The term “national resistance” was established in the Soviet zone of occupation and later in the GDR as the program of the National Front . Core principles were the resistance to the occupation statute , against the rearmament of West Germany and the importation of American goods as well as the "education about American and English war propaganda" and the support of all "struggles of the workers to secure their livelihood and all actions of resistance against the working population Tax pressure, price gouging and other plundering ”.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reiner Kapinus: The outer right: Extremist youth culture as a social or asocial movement? 2009, p. 6.
  2. ^ Right-wing extremism in brief. State Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg 2001, p. 78.
  3. ↑ Steffen Kailitz: Proud Constitutional Enemies - The NPD: Parliamentary work with National Socialist programs. ( Memento of the original from September 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. November 7, 2005. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundestag.de
  4. ↑ Book: "Pocket Calendar of National Resistance". Brown broth day after day. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . January 26, 2006.
  5. ↑ Constitutional Protection Report Free State of Thuringia ( Memento of the original from July 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2005, p. 49. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / apps.thueringen.de
  6. ↑ Stephan Braun et al.: Strategies of the extreme right: Background analysis answers . VS Verlag, 2009, pp. 165, 303, 353, 428.
  7. ↑ Christian Dornbusch , Andreas Speit : Fashion for the "National Resistance" . In Andrea Röpke : Brown comradeships: the militant neo-Nazis in the shadow of the NPD . Links Verlag, 2006, p. 130 ff.
  8. ↑ Comradeships and Free Nationalists ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 42 kB). Constitutional Protection of Saxony, p. 1. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.verfassungsschutz.sachsen.de
  9. ↑ Christoph Butterwegge : Topics of the Right, Topics of the Middle: Immigration, Demographic Change and National Consciousness VS Verlag, 2002, p. 73.
  10. ^ Gudrun Hentges : Mass media, migration and integration: challenges for journalism and political education . VS Verlag, 2004, p. 117.
  11. ↑ Uwe Backes : Totalitarianism and Transformation: Deficits in the consolidation of democracy in Central and Eastern Europe . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009, p. 160.
  12. ↑ Henrick Steglich: The NPD in Saxony: organizational requirements for their election success in 2004 . V&R unipress, 2005, p. 26.
  13. ↑ Thomas Grumke : The right-wing extremist movement . In: Roland Roth : The social movements in Germany since 1945: a manual. Campus, 2008, p. 485.
  14. ^ Armin Pfahl-Traughber : Right-wing extremism as a new social movement? Activities and cooperation of NPD, neo-Nazis and skinheads  ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.verfassungsschutz.thueringen.de   . P. 11.
  15. ↑ BVerfG, NVwZ 20089, 671; according to Klaus Weber: Handbook for training and practice with commentary on the Saxon Assembly Act . VS Saxonia, p. 60.
  16. ^ Hanns Jürgen Küsters , Daniel Hofmann, Alexander Fischer, Karl Dietrich Bracher, Ernst Deuerlein: Documents on Germany policy . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-486-56172-3 , p. 298 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).