Bill snapper
Bill snapper | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Nemipteridae | ||||||||||||
Regan , 1913 |
The false snapper (Nemipteridae) live in the tropical and subtropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific , mostly in coastal waters with a sandy bottom. In some countries, such as the Philippines , China and Japan , bill snapper is an important food fish.
features
The over 60 species are 9 to 35 centimeters long. While young animals are often very colorful, the adults have a simple coloration. The dorsal fin is continuous, the front part with hard rays is supported by ten spines, the rear part with soft rays is supported by nine fin rays. In the anal fin there are three spines and seven soft rays (eight in Nemipterus virgatus ). The caudal fin is forked, the upper part of Nemipterus elongated like a filament. The number of Branchiostegal rays is six and the number of vertebrae is 24.
Way of life
Mock snapper feed on small, bottom-dwelling fish and invertebrates such as cephalopods , crustaceans and bristle worms .
Like many of their relatives, the false snapper are protogynous hermaphrodites . That is, in the course of their life they are first females and then transform into males.
Systematics
The pseudo- snappers , together with the sea bream (Sparidae) and the big-headed snappers (Lethrinidae), form a group of related "sparoid" families, which some scientists regarded as the superfamily (Sparoidea) of the Percoidei , but later as a separate order (Spariformes) from the perch-like ( Perciformes) was spun off.
Genera and species
There are five genera and almost 70 species described. Many of these species are morphologically identical and only differ in their coloration.
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Nemipterus Swainson, 1839
- Nemipterus aurifilum (Ogilby, 1910) .
- Nemipterus aurorus Russell, 1993 .
- Nemipterus balinensis (Bleeker, 1859) .
- Nemipterus balinensoides (Popta, 1918) .
- Nemipterus bathybius Snyder, 1911 .
- Nemipterus bipunctatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) .
- Nemipterus celebicus (Bleeker, 1854) .
- Nemipterus flavomandibularis Russell & Tweddle, 2013 .
- Nemipterus furcosus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) .
- Nemipterus gracilis (Bleeker, 1873) .
- Nemipterus hexodon (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) .
- Nemipterus isacanthus (Bleeker, 1873) .
- Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) .
- Nemipterus marginatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) .
- Nemipterus mesoprion (Bleeker, 1853) .
- Nemipterus nematophorus (Bleeker, 1853) .
- Nemipterus nematopus (Bleeker, 1851) .
- Nemipterus nemurus (Bleeker, 1857) .
- Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) .
- Nemipterus randalli Russell, 1986 .
- Nemipterus sugillatus Russell & Ho, 2017 .
- Nemipterus tambuloides (Bleeker, 1853) .
- Nemipterus theodorei Ogilby, 1916 .
- Nemipterus thosaporni Russell, 1991 .
- Nemipterus virgatus (Houttuyn, 1782) .
- Nemipterus vitiensis Russell, 1990 .
- Nemipterus zysron (Bleeker, 1857) .
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Parascolopsis Boulenger, 1901
- Parascolopsis aspinosa (Rao & Rao, 1981) .
- Parascolopsis baranesi Russell & Golani, 1993 .
- Parascolopsis boesemani (Rao & Rao, 1981) .
- Parascolopsis capitinis Russell, 1996 .
- Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & Richardson , 1909) .
- Parascolopsis inermis ( Temminck & Schlegel , 1843) .
- Parascolopsis melanophrys Russell & Chin, 1996 .
- Parascolopsis qantasi Russell & Gloerfelt-Tarp, 1984 .
- Parascolopsis rufomaculatus Russell, 1986 .
- Parascolopsis tanyactis Russell, 1986 .
- Parascolopsis tosensis (Kamohara, 1938) .
- Parascolopsis townsendi Boulenger , 1901 .
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Pentapodus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
- Pentapodus aureofasciatus Russell, 2001 .
- Pentapodus berryae Allen et al., 2018 .
- Pentapodus bifasciatus ( Bleeker , 1848) .
- Canine fang snapper ( Pentapodus caninus ) ( Cuvier , 1830) .
- Emery's dummy snapper ( Pentapodus emeryii ) (Richardson, 1843) .
- Pentapodus nagasakiensis (Tanaka, 1915) .
- Pentapodus paradiseus ( Günther , 1859) .
- Pentapodus porosus ( Valenciennes , 1830) .
- Butterfly bill snapper ( Pentapodus setosus ) (Valenciennes, 1830) .
- Three-striped bill snapper ( Pentapodus trivittatus ) ( Bloch , 1791) .
- Stripe bill snapper ( Pentapodus vitta ) Quoy & Gaimard , 1824 .
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Scaevius Whitley, 1947
- Scaevius milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823) .
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Scolopsis Cuvier, 1814
- Yellow-tailed bill snapper ( Scolopsis affinis ) Peters, 1877 .
- Golden bill snapper ( Scolopsis aurata ) (Park, 1797) .
- Sash bill snapper ( Scolopsis bilineata ) (Bloch, 1793) .
- Scolopsis bimaculatus Rüppell , 1828 .
- Silver lining bill snapper ( Scolopsis ciliata ) ( Lacépède , 1802) .
- Broad-stripe bill snapper ( Scolopsis frenatus ) (Günther, 1859) .
- Arabian bill snapper ( Scolopsis ghanam ) ( Forsskål , 1775) .
- Cube bill snapper ( Scolopsis lineata ) Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 .
- Pearl bill snapper ( Scolopsis margaritifera ) ( Cuvier , 1830) .
- Scolopsis meridiana Nakamura et al., 2018 .
- Monocle bill snapper ( Scolopsis monogramma ) (Cuvier, 1830) .
- Scolopsis taeniatus (Cuvier, 1830) .
- Scolopsis taenioptera (Valenciennes, 1830) .
- Gill-blight false snapper ( Scolopsis temporalis ) (Cuvier, 1830) .
- Three-lined bill snapper ( Scolopsis trilineata ) Kner, 1868 .
- White-cheeked bill snapper ( Scolopsis vosmeri ) (Bloch, 1792) .
- Neon bill snapper ( Scolopsis xenochrous ) Günther, 1872 .
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
- Hans A. Baensch / Robert A. Patzner: Mergus Sea Water Atlas Volume 7 Perciformes (Perch-like) , Mergus Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-88244-107-0 .
- Barry C. Russell (Ed.): Nemipterid fishes of the world (threadfin breams, whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams and coral breams) An annotated and illustrated catalog of nemipterid species known to date. FAO Species Catalog Vol. 12., Rome 1990. ( Complete edition )
Web links
- Scheinschnapper on Fishbase.org (English)