Nikolaikirche (Vienna)
The parish church of St. Nikolaus, called Nikolaikirche , was a church on the site of today's Rochusmarkt in Vienna-Landstrasse . It was built after several previous buildings in 1736 and demolished in 1784.
history
In the 12th century, a village center with a chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas , after which the settlement was named "Nikolaivorstadt", developed around the square in front of today's Rochuskirche .
Also in the 12th century, a Cistercian monastery was founded in the immediate vicinity, in the area of today's Rasumofskygasse, Salmgasse and Geusaugasse , which was subordinate to the Heiligenkreuz Abbey. This monastery was consecrated to St. Mary, but was called Nikolai or Niklaskloster because of its proximity to the Nikolaikapelle.
In the course of the first Turkish siege , the Nikolaikloster was completely destroyed in 1529, and the nuns fled to the protection of the city walls of Vienna. A request for reconstruction was not granted by the sovereign in 1534, the nuns were accommodated in the St. Bernhard monastery near Horn . In 1538 the ruins of the monastery were torn down. In 1540, Emperor Ferdinand I donated the barren land of the former monastery to the city of Vienna in order to create a cemetery there.
The Nikolaikirche was rebuilt, but destroyed again during the second Turkish siege in 1683. In 1698 the innkeeper Kaspar Rothmayer had a cemetery chapel built. From 1736 this chapel was replaced by a Baroque church in Italian style built by Karl Hieronymus Helm, which was consecrated in 1737. The church had a single tower with four bells over the facade with six Doric pilasters . The ceiling fresco was by Paul Troger .
In 1741 Georg Raphael Donner was buried in the Nikolaifriedhof. In 1784 the cemetery was abandoned as part of the Josephine reforms , the bodies were exhumed and transferred to the Sankt Marxer cemetery . The Nikolaikirche was demolished, the nearby Rochuskirche took over the function of the Landstraßer parish church.
literature
- Richard Groner : Vienna as it was . Completely reworked and expanded by Felix Czeike . 5th edition. Fritz Molden Verlag, Vienna / Munich 1965, DNB 451678931 , pp. 408-410.
- Wien Museum (ed.): Beautiful prospects. The famous Vienna pictures from the Artaria publishing house . Christian Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-85033-098-5 , pp. 124–125.
Web links
- St. Niklas (Nikolai) on the country road. District Museum Landstrasse, archived from the original on January 6, 2014 ; accessed on January 3, 2018 .
- Holdings: Vienna St. Nikolaus, documents (~ 1272-1729) in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
Old Catholic churches: Hospital chapel of the former Mautner Markhof children's hospital
Anglican Churches: Anglican Church (Jaurèsgasse)
Evangelical churches: Evangelical Pauluskirche (Sebastianplatz) | Evangelical Korean Church (Schützengasse)
Roman Catholic Churches and chapels: Arsenal (Maria-vom-Siege-Kirche) | Elisabethinenkirche (Landstrasse) | Erdberg (St. Peter and Paul Church) | Church of the Redeemer of the Comforters of Gethsemane | Guard Church | Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Landstrasse) | Januarius Chapel | Jacquingasse (Mother of God Church) | Landstraße (St. Rochus and Sebastian Church) | Neuerdberg (Don Bosco Church) | Rennweg (Church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary) | Weißgerber (Othmarkirche) | Sacré Cœur Church | Salesian Church
Oriental churches: Armenian Church (Kolonitzgasse)
Orthodox churches: Russian Orthodox Cathedral (Jaurèsgasse) | Serbian Orthodox Church (Veithgasse)
Disused religious buildings: Association synagogue (Untere Viaduktgasse) | Nikolaikirche (Rochusmarkt)
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 10.6 ″ N , 16 ° 23 ′ 25.3 ″ E