Olga Alexandrovna Ladyschenskaya

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Olga Ladyschenskaya (1976)

Olga Ladyzhenskaya ( Russian Ольга Александровна Ладыженская ; English transcription Olga Alexandrovna Ladyzhenskaya; * 7. March 1922 in Kologriv , Kostroma , RSFSR ; † 12. January 2004 in Saint Petersburg ) was a Soviet / Russian mathematician and physicist , particularly for their Results of partial differential equations is known.

Life

Ladyschenskaya came from an old noble family. Her father Alexander Ivanovich Ladyschensky was a math teacher and was arrested in 1937 as part of the Stalin purges and sentenced to death. A farmer had warned him, but he did not want to abandon his students. In 1939 Ladyschenskaya began training as a teacher in Leningrad and taught at her father's school in Kologriv from 1941 to 1943. After she was not admitted to the Leningrad State University as the daughter of a class enemy despite having passed the entrance exam, she studied mathematics at Lomonossow University from 1943 to 1947 , with Ivan Georgievich Petrowski , Israel Gelfand and Andrei Nikolayevich Tichonov , among others . In 1949 she did her doctorate in Leningrad with Sergei Lwowitsch Sobolew and completed her habilitation in Moscow in 1953 (Russian doctorate). For political reasons, she was only able to defend her habilitation, which she had completed in 1951, after Stalin's death.

From 1949 she was a lecturer at the University of Leningrad, became a mathematics professor at the Physics Institute of the University of Leningrad in 1954, and since 1956 with a full professorship. From 1961 she was director of the Laboratory for Mathematical Physics at the Steklov Institute in Leningrad, where she had been a senior scientist from 1954. In 2000 she retired. From 1990 to 1998 she was President of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society.

Olga Ladyschenskaya received the Lomonosov gold medal in 2002 . In 1994 she gave the Noether Lecture (and ICM Emmy Noether Lecture ). In 2002 she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Bonn . She was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1981 and a member of the Leopoldina since 1985 . In 1983 she spoke at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Warsaw on the subject of "On finding symmetrical solutions of field theories variational problems", in 1962 in Stockholm on "Quasi-linear equations of parabolic and elliptic types" and in 1966 in Moscow on "Some non-linear problems in theory continuous media ”.

Her doctoral students include Ludwig Dmitrijewitsch Faddejew and Nina Nikolajewna Uralzewa .

In 1947 she married the mathematician and mathematician Andrei Alexejewitsch Kisseljow (Kiselev, 1916-1994), who was also a professor at Leningrad University.

In 2001 she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

In 1958 she was shortlisted for the Fields Medal . However, it would take until 2014 before the first woman received this award.

plant

Ladyschenskaya published over 250 articles covering the entire field of partial differential equations. For the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations it proved fundamental existence results. It proved the existence of regular solutions for both the incompressible Navier-Stokes and the Euler equation in 1969 (both in two-dimensional Euclidean space and for the flat torus). The three-dimensional case is open and one of the Millennium Problems . In her books with Uralzewa, she expanded the regularity results found by Ennio de Giorgi and John Nash in the vicinity of Hilbert's 19th problem for elliptical and parabolic partial differential equations .

In the field of numerical mathematics , she proved, among other things, the convergence of a finite difference method for the Navier-Stokes equations. The LBB condition in the theory of the finite element method for saddle point problems , which she demonstrated in 1969, is named after her, Franco Brezzi and Ivo Babuška .

Fonts

  • With NN Uralzewa: Linear and Quasilinear Equations of Elliptic Type . Translated from L. Ehrenpreis, Academic Press, New York / London 1968, ISBN 0124328504
  • With WA Solonnikow, NN Uralzewa: Linear and Quasi-linear Equations of Parabolic Type . Translated by S. Smith, American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, 1968, ISBN 0821815733
  • The Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics . Translator Jack Lohwater. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985, ISBN 3-540-90989-3

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Your older sister had to leave university. Biography of Struwe, in Karcher, Hildebrandt Geometric analysis and nonlinear partial differential equations , Springer 2003
  2. ↑ Struwe mentions Kurosch and Stepanow in his biographical article
  3. ↑ According to Struwe's biography, she only received her doctorate formally under Sobolev and was de facto a student of Smirnow
  4. ↑ Olga Alexandrovna Ladyschenskaja in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)Template: MathGenealogyProject / Maintenance / id used Template: MathGenealogyProject / Maintenance / name used
  5. ^ Lebensdaten after Dauben, Scriba (Ed.): Writing the History of Mathematics . Birkhäuser 2002, p. 190. According to the membership directory of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society , he died in 1996
  6. ↑ Michael Barany, The Fields Medal should return to its roots , Nature, January 12, 2018
personal data
SURNAME Ladyschenskaya, Olga Alexandrovna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ладыженская, Ольга Александровна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet-Russian mathematician and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 7, 1922
PLACE OF BIRTH Kologriw , RSFSR
DATE OF DEATH January 12, 2004
Place of death St. Petersburg