Olha Kobyljanska
Olha Julianiwna Kobyljanska ( Ukrainian Ольга Юліанівна Кобилянська ; born November 27, 1863 in Gura-Humora , Bukowina , Austrian Empire ; † March 21, 1942 in Chernivtsi , Bukowina, Greater Romania ) was a Ukrainian writer .
Life
Olha came from a Ukrainian family on her father's side and a Polish-German family on her mother's side ( Werner ). The father was a small kk civil servant who had to look after seven children. Therefore the family moved often, lived in the southern Bukovinian cities of Suczawa and Kimpolung , later in the northern Bukovinian village of Dymka, and came to Chernivtsi in 1891.
After four years of elementary school in her home village, Olha continued her education as an autodidact . German literature played a major role in their intellectual development, especially Goethe , Heine , Keller , Spielhagen , Hauptmann and Marlitt . Scandinavian authors such as Jacobsen , Ibsen and Strindberg and Russian poets such as Tolstoy and Turgenev were also important to her .
Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy had a noticeable influence on Olha's work . Among other things, these were the dychotomy above - below , the motif of loneliness, the idea of the superman and the concept of eternal return.
Her first attempts at writing in Polish were unsuccessful. At the end of the 1880s she began to write in German . Her early stories and sketches were published in the gazebo , in Westermann's monthly journals and in the Viennese magazine Ruthenische Revue . In Bruns in Minden 1901, the German short stories appeared Little Russian novels .
The national awakening of Ukraine and its writers Ukrajinka , Fedkowytsch , Franko and Shevchenko strengthened her desire to become a Ukrainian writer. She was friends with Lesja Ukrajinka, Wassyl Stefanyk and Ossyp Makowej . From the mid-1890s, she wrote mainly in Ukrainian .
plant
As an early advocate of women's emancipation , Olha took part in the organization of the Association of Ruthenian Women of Bukovina at that time . This attitude is reflected in her literary figures, e. B. in Valse mélancholique (1894), Man , Impromptu fantasie , The Princess and The Nature (all 1895), The Aristocrat (1898) and Niobe (1905). With these works she is considered to be the champion of neo-romantic modernism in Ukrainian literature .
Olha's most important prose works include her novel from the farmer's life Die Scholle (1902), which transfers the Cain and Abel motif to village conflicts in Bucovina and, alongside Émile Zola's Die Erde, is one of the best depictions of this subject in world literature . The lyrical-romantic story Sunday morning Heilkraut cleared, based on motifs from a Ukrainian folk song, is a socially tinged love tragedy.
The novel The Mob Apostle (1936) gives a deep insight into the Ukrainian intelligentsia on the way to national awareness, which was considered nationalistic and forbidden in the Soviet era .
Between 1927 and 1929 Olha's complete works appeared in nine volumes in Kharkiv, Ukraine . Some prose works have been dramatized and are part of the repertoire of Ukrainian theaters. The plaice was filmed in 1954 .
Honors
The Olha Kobyljanska Museum has existed in Chernivtsi since 1944, with a branch in Dymka, Chernivtsi Oblast . The Chernivtsi City Theater was named after her. In front of it stands her beautiful bronze monument. The former Herrengasse was named after her.
source
- Peter Rychlo , Oleg Liubkivskyj: Czernowitz City of Literature , 2nd, improved edition. Chernivtsi 2009, pp. 73–79
Web links
- Entry on Kobylianska, Olha in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine (English)
- Dymka (Google map)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kobyljanska, Olha |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Кобилянська, Ольга Юліанівна (Ukrainian); Kobyljanska, Olha Julianiwna (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ukrainian poet |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 27, 1863 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gura humor |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 21, 1942 |
| Place of death | Chernivtsi |