Olivia Hooker

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Olivia Hooker (2011)

Olivia Juliette Hooker (born February 12, 1915 in Muskogee , Oklahoma , † November 21, 2018 in White Plains , New York ) was an American psychologist and professor.

She was one of the last known survivors of the Tulsa massacre in 1921 and the first African American woman to join the United States Coast Guard in February 1945 . During the Second World War she was transferred to SPAR (Semper Paratus Always Ready) as a member of the US Coast Guard's women's reserve. She served in the Coast Guard until her unit was disbanded in mid-1946; thereafter she became a psychologist in a women's prison and a clinical professor at Fordham University .

Life

Childhood and education

One of five children, Hooker was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, to Samuel Hooker and Anita Hooker (née Stigger). The family was living in the Greenwood district of Tulsa on May 31, 1921 when a group of white men carrying torches entered their home and began destroying their belongings, including their sister's piano and their father's record player. She and her siblings crouched under a table, hidden under a tablecloth, until the men were gone. "It was a horrible thing for a little girl who was only six years old," she told Radio Diaries in 2018, "to try to remember to be quiet so they wouldn't know we were there." The attack was part of the race riots in Tulsa from May 31 to June 1, 1921, in which members of the Ku Klux Klan and other white Tulsa residents destroyed the Greenwood District - which was in the because of the concentration of black owned companies Area also known as Black Wall Street - and in which up to 300 people were killed and more than 10,000 were left homeless.

After the riot, her family moved to Topeka , Kansas, and then to Columbus , Ohio, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from Ohio State University in 1937 and taught third grade. During her time at OSU, she joined the Delta Sigma Theta Association, where she campaigned for African American women to be accepted into the US Navy. In 1947 she received her Masters from Columbia University's Teachers College, and in 1961 she received her PhD in clinical psychology from the University of Rochester for her dissertation on the learning ability of children with Down syndrome .

US Coast Guard

Olivia Hooker (front) with Aileen Anita Cooks (back), Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn

Hooker applied to the US Navy's Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), but was rejected because of her ethnic origin. She objected to the rejection due to a formal error and was accepted; however, she had already made up her mind to join the Coast Guard. She joined the US Coast Guard in February 1945. On March 9, 1945, she was sent to basic training in Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, New York for six weeks. Throughout training, Hooker became the Coast Guard Women's Reserve (SPARS) and had to attend courses and take exams. She was one of only five African American women to be inducted into the SPARS program first. After basic training, Hooker specialized in the Yeoman rate and stayed at boot camp for an additional nine weeks before moving to Boston, where she took on administrative duties and earned the rank of Yeoman Second Class in the Coast Guard Women's Reserve. In June 1946, the SPAR program was terminated and Hooker received the rank of Petty Officer 2nd class and a Good Conduct Award.

psychology

After receiving her master's degree from Columbia University's Teachers College, Hooker moved to the north of the state to work in the mental hygiene department of an Albion County women's prison. Many women in this facility have been classified as severely learning disabled by the staff . Finding they were treated unfairly, Hooker re-evaluated them in hopes of helping the women better educate and work after their time at the facility. She attributed this success to the fact that she "approached them with an open mind". The correctional facility still helps women to gain a degree and work experience for the time after their release.

In 1963, she joined Fordham University as Senior Clinical Lecturer and Professor of Psychology with Honors from the APA; after all, she worked as an associate professor until 1985.

Hooker was a co-founder of Division 33, Intellectuals and Developmental Disabilities, of the American Psychological Association (APA) and was later honored by the association for her work with children. She served as the first director of the Kennedy Child Study Center in New York City, where she provided evaluations, additional help, and support / therapy for children with learning disabilities and delays.

Later life and honors

In 1997, Hooker and other survivors of the massacre established the Tulsa Race Riot Commission to investigate the massacre and its aftermath and seek redress. In 2003, she was one of the plaintiffs in a federal lawsuit filed against the state of Oklahoma and the city of Tulsa by more than 100 survivors and approximately 300 descendants of people who lost their lives or property in the attacks, and is seeking compensation were found due to the involvement of local governments in the massacre; the US Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2005 without comment.

Hooker retired at the age of 87. She joined the Coast Guard Aid at the age of 95 and served as an auxiliary in Yonkers , New York.

Hooker received the 2011 American Psychological Association presidential award. In 2012, she was inducted into the New York State Senate Hall of Fame.

On February 9, 2015, Kirsten Gillibrand spoke in Congress to "pay tribute" to Hooker. That same year, the Olivia Hooker Dining Facility on the Staten Island Coast Guard was named in her honor. That same year, a training facility at the Coast Guard headquarters in Washington, DC, was named after her.

On May 20, 2015, President Barack Obama paid tribute to the service and legacy of Hooker's Coast Guard when he attended the 134th inauguration of the United States Coast Guard Academy.

On November 11, 2018, Google honored her by sharing her story as part of a Google Doodle for Veterans Day .

Hooker died of natural causes on November 21, 2018, aged 103 at her home in White Plains, New York.

Tulsa Girl, by Shameen Anthanio-Williams, is a book that focuses on Hooker's experience of the Tulsa race riot.

In October 2019 it was announced that a Fast Response cutter would be named in her honor. This will be the 61st Sentinel-class cutter to be delivered to the Coast Guard after 2023.

Web links

Commons : Olivia Hooker  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thiesen, William H .: SPAR Olivia Hooker: First African American Woman in the Coast Guard ( English ) United States Coast Guard: US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  2. ^ A b c Coast Guard Names Training Facility After 1st Black Woman In Service ( English ) News One. March 16, 2015. Accessed March 19, 2015.
  3. ↑ Jenna MacKay: Profile: Olivia Hooker ( English ) October 19, 2017.
  4. ^ Mara Gay: Olivia J. Hooker: Coast Guard Pioneer, Fordham Professor and Activist (English) . In: Wall Street Journal , February 28, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2018. 
  5. ↑ a b DeNeen L. Brown: Olivia Hooker, one of the last survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre, dies at 103 (English) . In: The Washington Post , November 22, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2019. 
  6. ↑ a b Olivia Hooker, 103, Dies; Witness to at Ugly Moment in History (English) . In: The New York Times , November 23, 2018. 
  7. ^ Black History Month: Survivor Recalls 1921 Tulsa Race Riot ( English ) CBS News. February 12, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  8. ↑ a b c Dr. Olivia Hooker, 1st Black Woman in US Coast Guard, Honored with Training Facility & Dining Hall Dedications ( English ) Good Black News. March 16, 2015. Accessed March 19, 2015.
  9. ↑ a b Meet The Last Surviving Witness To The Tulsa Race Riot Of 1921 ( English ) National Public Radio. May 31, 2018. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
  10. ↑ Remembering Olivia Hooker ( English ) May 30, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
  11. ^ A b Stewart-Cousins, Sen. Andrea: Dr. Olivia J. Hooker - New York State Senate ( English ) New York State Senate. 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  12. ↑ a b Anna Miller: Living history: Pioneering psychologist and civil rights activist Olivia Hooker reflects on her legacy ( English ) November 2012. Accessed April 30, 2015.
  13. ↑ Young, LT Stephanie: Olivia Hooker: A SPAR's Story ( English ) US Coast Guard. October 29, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  14. ↑ a b MacKay, Jenna (2013). Profile of Olivia Hooker. In A. Rutherford (Ed.), Psychology's Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive. Retrieved on March 18, 2015 from this link .
  15. ↑ a b c LT Stephanie Young: Olivia Hooker: A SPAR's Story ( English ) October 29, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  16. ^ A b Mara Gay: Olivia J. Hooker: Coast Guard Pioneer, Fordham Professor and Activist (English) . In: The Wall Street Journal , February 27, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2015. 
  17. ↑ Congressional Record, Volume 161 Issue 21 (Monday, February 9, 2015) ( English ) Gpo.gov. February 9, 2015. Accessed March 19, 2015.
  18. ↑ a b Robin L Cautin: The indomitable Dr. Olivia Hooker ( English ) April 2012. Accessed April 30, 2015.
  19. ^ Mara Gay: Olivia J. Hooker: Coast Guard Pioneer, Fordham Professor and Activist ( English ) WSJ. February 17, 2015. Accessed March 20, 2015.
  20. ↑ US Coast Guard Honors TC Alum and Centenarian Olivia Hooker ( English ) April 9, 2015. Accessed April 30, 2015.
  21. ↑ Dr. Olivia Hooker Turns 100 | Juniper Hill Civic Association ( English ) Juniperhillny.com. February 7, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  22. ^ Coast Guard Names Training Facility After 1st Black Woman In Service ( English ) The Chicago Defender. March 16, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  23. ^ Remarks by the President at the United States Coast Guard Academy Commencement ( English ) whitehouse.gov. May 20, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  24. ↑ Nina Godlewski: Veterans Day Google Doodle Honors Veterans and their stories through videos (English) . In: Newsweek , November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2018. 
  25. ↑ Last survivor of Tulsa Race Massacre this (English) . In: KJRH , November 21, 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2018. 
  26. ↑ Anthanio-Williams, Shameen .: Tulsa girl ( English ), Drumond, Sergio October 4, 2016, ISBN 9781537610443 , OCLC 981768226 .
  27. ↑ Coast Guard releases names of 10 next Fast Response Cutters (English) . In: Coast Guard News , October 23, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019. 
personal data
SURNAME Hooker, Olivia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hooker, Olivia Juliette (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American psychologist and professor
DATE OF BIRTH February 12, 1915
PLACE OF BIRTH Muskogee , Oklahoma
DATE OF DEATH November 21, 2018
Place of death White Plains , New York